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| − | == How to Use Grub Bootloader on FreeBSD ==
| + | This category is for the common "how-to" gotchas: everything from installing RAMdisks or mounting ISOs to backing up crucial files over the network using [[rsync]]. |
| − | <Jiafu He>jiafu_he at yahoo.com, 05/18/2004
| + | |
| − | This mini-howto is written as a dummy introduction on how to get, | + | |
| − | install, setup and use GNU/Grub bootloader on FreeBSD. If you need
| + | |
| − | more detailed information, go read the Grub mannual at
| + | |
| − | http://www.gnu.org/manual/grub/html_mono/grub.html
| + | |
| − | Note: UFS2 is supported starting from the verion Grub-0.94_3.
| + | |
| − | 1. Obtaining Grub files:
| + | |
| − | To use Grub on FreeBSD UFS2, you need files "stage1", "stage2" and
| + | |
| − | "ufs2_stage1_5". To handle other types of file systems, you need
| + | |
| − | other stage 1.5 files like "ffs_stage1_5", "e2fs_stage1_5", or
| + | |
| − | "fat_stage1_5" etc.
| + | |
| − | You can obtain the files from either
| + | |
| − | i. the GNU/Grub website http://www.gnu.org/software/grub/
| + | |
| − | ii. or FreeBSD Grub port. Grub-0.94_3 requires freebsd 5.2.1 or
| + | |
| − | current. To install Grub-0.94_3, do the following:
| + | |
| − | -------------------------------
| + | |
| − | #cd /usr/ports/sysutils/grub /* go to the grub freebsd port dir */
| + | |
| − | #make install clean /* install it */
| + | |
| − | -------------------------------
| + | |
| − | If all goes well, the Grub files are generated in directory
| + | |
| − | /usr/local/share/grub/i386-freebsd/ and the executable "grub" is
| + | |
| − | installed under /usr/local/sbin/
| + | |
| − | 2. Installing Grub on UFS2 partition:
| + | |
| − | i. Create /boot/grub/ directory (or alternatively /grub/) on your HD
| + | |
| − | and copy files in it:
| + | |
| − | -----------------------------------------------
| + | |
| − | #cd /boot;mkdir grub
| + | |
| − | #cp -Rf /usr/local/share/grub/i386-freebsd grub
| + | |
| − | -----------------------------------------------
| + | |
| − | Make sure at least files "stage1" and "stage2" are under /boot/grub/. To be
| + | |
| − | complete, the pertinent stage 1.5 file (here "ufs2_stage1_5") is also needed.
| + | |
| − | ii. Create Grub boot floppy. You can either
| + | |
| − | a. using "dd" (recommended):
| + | |
| − | -----------------------------------------------
| + | |
| − | #dd if=stage1 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 count=1 /* stage1 to block #1 */
| + | |
| − | 1+0 records in
| + | |
| − | 1+0 records out
| + | |
| − | #dd if=stage2 of=/dev/fd0 bs=512 seek=1 /* stage2 starting from block #2 */
| + | |
| − | 153+1 records in
| + | |
| − | 153+1 records out
| + | |
| − | #
| + | |
| − | -----------------------------------------------
| + | |
| − | b. or alternatively using Grub "setup" under FreeBSD:
| + | |
| − | -----------------------------------------------
| + | |
| − | #fdformat -f1440 /dev/fd0 /* low level format the floppy if you want to */
| + | |
| − | #newfs -LGrubBoot -O1 /dev/fd0 /* format into UFS1 */
| + | |
| − | #mount /dev/fd0 /mnt
| + | |
| − | #mkdir /mnt/boot
| + | |
| − | #cp -Rf /usr/local/share/grub/i386-freebsd /mnt/boot/grub
| + | |
| − | #touch /mnt/boot/grub/menu.lst /* touch and edit menu.lst, see step 3 */
| + | |
| − | #umount /mnt
| + | |
| − | #grub
| + | |
| − | grub> device (fd0) /dev/fd0 /* set the device map */
| + | |
| − | grub> root (fd0)
| + | |
| − | Filesystem type is ffs, using whole disk
| + | |
| − | grub> find /boot/grub/stage1 /* verify whether the required files are there */
| + | |
| − | (fd0)
| + | |
| − | grub> setup (fd0) /* setup the floppy */
| + | |
| − | Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists... yes
| + | |
| − | Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists... yes
| + | |
| − | Checking if "/boot/grub/ffs_stage1_5" exists... yes
| + | |
| − | Running "embed /boot/grub/ffs_stage1_5 (fd0)"... failed (this is not fatal)
| + | |
| − | Running "embed /boot/grub/ffs_stage1_5 (fd0)"... failed (this is not fatal)
| + | |
| − | Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (fd0) /boot/grub/stage2 p /boot/grub/menu.lst "
| + | |
| − | ... succeeded
| + | |
| − | Done.
| + | |
| − | -----------------------------------------------
| + | |
| − | 3. Touch and edit "/boot/grub/menu.lst". An example is given below, assuming that
| + | |
| − | - partition 0: Windows XP;
| + | |
| − | - partition 1: FreeBSD;
| + | |
| − | - partition 2: Linux.
| + | |
| − | -------------------------------------------
| + | |
| − | default saved # boot the last selection. Work together with savedefault below
| + | |
| − | timeout 10 # timeout 10 seconds
| + | |
| − | password --md5 $1$rEjBN0$0J06NigS.2ImTaipPOh0w/ # md5 passwd encryption: "testgrub"
| + | |
| − | # Boot Windows XP. You have to chainloading.
| + | |
| − | title Windows XP Professional # display boot title on the Grub prompt
| + | |
| − | root (hd0,0) # set the root device or partition
| + | |
| − | makeactive # set the partition active so that next time it can be automatically
| + | |
| − | # booted after timing-out
| + | |
| − | chainloader +1 # Here we have to chainload
| + | |
| − | savedefault # save this selection as the default for next bootstrap
| + | |
| − | # Boot FreeBSD
| + | |
| − | title FreeBSD 5.1_p16
| + | |
| − | root (hd0,1,a)
| + | |
| − | kernel /boot/loader # specify the kernel or kernel loader
| + | |
| − | makeactive
| + | |
| − | savedefault
| + | |
| − | # Boot Redhat Linux
| + | |
| − | title Redhat Linux
| + | |
| − | root (hd0,2)
| + | |
| − | kernel /boot/vmlinuz-2.4.18-14smp ro root=LABEL=/ hdc=ide-scsi
| + | |
| − | initrd /boot/initrd-2.4.18-14smp.img
| + | |
| − | makeactive
| + | |
| − | savedefault
| + | |
| − | # Install Grub on Slice 1 (the FreeBSD partition)
| + | |
| − | title Install Grub on FreeBSD (Slice 1)
| + | |
| − | root (hd0,1,a)
| + | |
| − | setup (hd0)
| + | |
| − | savedefault
| + | |
| − | ---------------------------------------------
| + | |
| − | 4. Install Grub to MBR on your hard disk (using grub native way):
| + | |
| − | i. Boot the machine using the floppy just created;
| + | |
| − | ii. on the Grub menu screen, you can either make use of the last menu entry
| + | |
| − | (see menu.lst above) or do the following:
| + | |
| − | -----------------------------------
| + | |
| − | :
| + | |
| − | (Grub menu screen)
| + | |
| − | :
| + | |
| − | p # password is needed since the password line is in config file.
| + | |
| − | password: testgrub
| + | |
| − | c # enter command prompt
| + | |
| − | Then you enter the command prompt:
| + | |
| − | grub> find /boot/grub/stage1 /* find which partition has Grub files */
| + | |
| − | (hd0,1,a) /* it will display the found parition */
| + | |
| − | grub> root (hd0,1,a)
| + | |
| − | Filesystem type is ufs2, partition type 0xa5
| + | |
| − | grub> setup (hd0) /* install Grub in MBR */
| + | |
| − | Checking if "/boot/grub/stage1" exists ... yes
| + | |
| − | Checking if "/boot/grub/stage2" exists ... yes
| + | |
| − | Checking if "/boot/grub/ufs2_stage1_5" exists ... yes
| + | |
| − | Running "embed /boot/grub/ufs2_stage1_5 (hd0)"... 16 sectors embeded.
| + | |
| − | succeeded
| + | |
| − | Running "install /boot/grub/stage1 (hd0) (hd0)1+16 p
| + | |
| − | (hd0,1,a)/boot/grub/stage2 /boot/grub/menu.lst"... succeeded
| + | |
| − | ------------------------------------
| + | |
| − | 5. Finally how to generate md5-encrypted password:
| + | |
| − | Enter any Grub command prompt:
| + | |
| − | grub> md5crypt /* call the md5 password encryption utility */
| + | |
| − | password: yourDesiredPassword /* passwd are replaced by same number of "*" */
| + | |
| − | EncryptedPassword /* encrypted password is returned here, put it in config file */
| + | |
| | | | |
| − | [[Category: Grub and FreeBSD]] | + | Note: to add an article to this category, simply append '''<nowiki>[[Category:Common Tasks]]</nowiki>''' to the end of your article. |
This category is for the common "how-to" gotchas: everything from installing RAMdisks or mounting ISOs to backing up crucial files over the network using rsync.
