Desktop, light setup

After installing and configuring the base system, here are instructions on how to get a light desktop up and running quickly. The instructions provided show how to get xdm, slim or wdm login managers working. This example on the window manager JWM should provide insight on how to install other window managers.

Install

The following input is sufficient to install the programs for a running Desktop system:

! pkg install xdm jwm xorg

Alternatively, ports may be installed. slim and wdm are other options instead of xdm.

Login manager set up

Basic session managers are XDM, WDM, and slim. After the login manager is configured, the Desktop must be set up, or the screen will go into a loop, back to the login manager after logging in.

Slim

To enable slim, add to /etc/rc.conf:

slim_enable="YES"

Slim requires a *.desktop file in a directory that is specified by /usr/local/etc/slim.conf next to the sessiondir option; typically this would be /usr/local/share/xsessions. Older versions of slim could have their window manager configured in the file slim.conf by the sessions option.

The usr/local/share/xsessions/*.desktop file commands must be in xdg-style, shown here http://standards.freedesktop.org/desktop-entry-spec/desktop-entry-spec-1.0.html#basic-format.

First create the desktop directory, if it doesn't exist, by typing:

! mkdir -p /usr/local/share/xsessions/

Example of /usr/local/share/xsessions/jwm.desktop file:

Name=JWM
Exec=jwm

For details of slim configuration, type either:

! man slim
! less /usr/local/etc/slim.conf.sample

To change the background, look into /usr/local/share/slim/themes/default/, create a backup file of background.jpg, then copy your choice background image to /usr/local/share/slim/themes/default/

! cd /usr/local/share/slim/themes/default
! mv background.jpg background.bk.jpg
! mv [pathname/your file] background.jpg

To create multiple themes, you may create a new directory under themes/ that is similar to the default/ directory, then specify this themes subdirectory from /usr/local/etc/slim.conf. If you do this, be sure you start off with the three files: slim.theme , background.jpg and panel.png.

Add or edit your themes to slim.conf :

#current theme, use comma separated list to specify a set to randomly choose from
current_theme       default,mytheme

To create themes directories:

! cd /usr/local/share/slim/themes
! cp -R default mytheme

Then edit the theme/ files to your liking.

Command line

First, set up an .xinitrc file in the home folder, which overrides /usr/local/etc/X11/xinit/xinitrc.

Without .xinitrc the window manager will fail to load from startx. Be sure to add exec [window manager] to the .xinitrc file, without an &. Here is an example:

exec jwm

It is just like the .xsession file, except it doesn't have to be made executable. Optionally, a symbolic link can be created between the two files.

Once it is set up, type:

! startx

XDM

To configure xdm to start up on boot, edit /etc/ttys and change the option on line ttyv8 from off to on:

ttyv8   "/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon"  xterm   on secure

The secure setting is also of interest here.

Then set up an .xsession file in the home folder, with the contents "exec [window manager]". Without .xsession, the window manager will fail to load.

exec jwm

Be sure this file is made executable.

! chmod ug+x .xsession

.xsession is identical to the file .xinitrc so a symbolic link may optionally be created. If this is done, make sure that .xinitrc is also made executable. In the next example, .xsession is the link, and .xinitrc is the regular file:

! ln -s .xinitrc .xsession
! chmod ug+x .xinitrc

WDM

Here is how to set up Wings Display Manager's (WDM).

To enable WDM, edit line ttyv8 in file /etc/ttys to:

ttyv8   "/usr/local/bin/wdm -nodaemon"  xterm   on secure

It's configuration files are at /usr/local/lib/X11/wdm/.

Make sure the file /usr/local/lib/X11/wdm/wdm-config lists your window manager on the line DisplayManager*wdmWm:. The default window manager for WDM is windowmaker:

DisplayManager*wdmWm:           wmaker:afterstep:blackbox:ctwm:enlightenment:fvwm:fvwm2:fvwm95:olvwm:qvwm:tvtwm:jwm

After rebooting, click the option on WDM's login screen, before logging in.

Desktop programs

Some desktop programs should be started through the window manager's configuration files, and others can be started through .xinitrc or .xsession.

For .xinit and .xsession only add a space and ampersand & after programs that are meant to run and detach.

Enabling keyboard and mouse

To enable the mouse and keyboard add the following to /etc/rc.conf:

hald_enable="YES"
dbus_enable="YES"

Enabling these options sooner may make it harder to fix problems.

Older versions of FreeBSD required the line in the Xorg configuration file to be manually set to:

Option "AllowEmptyInput" "False"

References

• FreeBSD 6 Unleashed (2006)
• Various FreeBSD and other related forums
• FreeBSD documentation