Desktop, light setup
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| − | After installing and configuring the base system, here are instructions on how to get a light desktop up and running quickly. | + | After installing and configuring the base system, here are instructions on how to get a light desktop up and running quickly. {{yhl|Xinit}} and {{yhl|XDM}} login managers are covered. Configuration of KDM, GDM, WDM and SLiM login managers is not described here, because they are part of windowmanagers that are not BSD style or are outdated. |
==Install== | ==Install== | ||
The following input is sufficient to install the programs for a running Desktop system: | The following input is sufficient to install the programs for a running Desktop system: | ||
| − | % pkg install xorg | + | % pkg install xorg jwm xdm |
| − | + | In this example, replace jwm with your chosen window manager. If you're not using a graphical desktop login manager, remove xdm from above. | |
==Desktop login== | ==Desktop login== | ||
| − | + | Configuration files for XDM and Xinit are under the {{file|/usr/local/etc/X11/}} and {{file|~/}} directories, respective to Xsession and Xinit. The minimal configuration for {{file|.xsession}} or {{file|.xinit}} in your home directory is: | |
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| − | The | + | |
#!/bin/sh | #!/bin/sh | ||
| − | exec | + | exec ''/usr/local/bin/<windowmanager>'' |
| − | + | ===Console=== | |
| + | Set {{file|[[.xinitrc]]}} in each home folder, to load custom settings from that user's command line. The default {{file|/usr/local/etc/xinit/xinitrc}} points to several other files in your home directory. | ||
| − | + | Make sure the owner file permissions of {{file|[[.xinitrc]]}} are at minimum set to read. | |
| − | + | % chmod 440 .xinitrc | |
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| − | + | Finally, type {{cmd|startx}}. | |
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===XDM=== | ===XDM=== | ||
| − | To configure xdm to start up on boot, edit | + | To configure {{port|x11/xdm}} to start up on boot, edit {{file|/etc/ttys}} and change the option on line {{code|ttyv8}} from {{code|off}} to {{code|on}}: |
ttyv8 "/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon" xterm '''on''' secure | ttyv8 "/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon" xterm '''on''' secure | ||
| − | + | The {{code|secure}} option allows logging in to the root console without a password from single user mode. | |
| − | + | Set up {{file|.xsession}} with owner and group permissions to read and execute. If you soft link {{file|.xsession}} and {{file|.xinitrc}} together, both permissions must be 550. | |
| − | + | ln -s .xsession .xinitrc | |
| − | + | chmod 550 .xsession | |
| − | + | Under normal circumstances, {{file|/usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/Xsession}} should be left alone, because this file by default points to {{file|~/.xsession}} and {{file|~/.xsession-errors}}. | |
| − | === | + | ====Customization==== |
| − | + | Customization files for XDM are located in {{file|/usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/}}. | |
| − | + | The background image or color can be changed with a command argument in {{file|Xsetup_0}}. {{cmd|xsetroot}} can set the background to a color or bitmap image. To choose a common image type, use a program such as {{port|x11/bgs}} or {{port|graphics/feh}} from within {{file|Xsetup_0}}. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | Example of {{file|Xsetup_0}}: | |
| + | #!/bin/sh | ||
| + | bgs /home/mydirectory/mypicture.png & | ||
| + | #xconsole & | ||
| + | The {{code|xconsole}} line can optionally be commented out. {{port|x11/xconsole}} is useful for displaying terminal output. | ||
| − | + | It is important to add an {{code|&}} after adding new configuration commands, or the login screen will freeze up with certain commands. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | To change the box logo, edit {{file|Xresources}}, comment out or reference another .xpm file in the lines {{code|xlogin*logoFileName}}. | |
| − | == | + | ==Desktop programs== |
| − | + | Read the documentation of your chosen window manager's configuration files to load programs, if it is available. If your window manager doesn't have the ability to load desktop programs, use {{file|.xsession}} or {{file|.xinitrc}}, to start them. | |
| + | |||
| + | Example of {{file|.xsession}} or {{file|.xinitrc}}: | ||
#!/bin/sh | #!/bin/sh | ||
| − | + | xterm & | |
| − | exec | + | xclock & |
| − | + | exec jwm | |
| − | + | Programs are loaded with {{code|&}}, and the window manager is loaded last with {{code|exec}}. | |
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==Xorg== | ==Xorg== | ||
| − | + | Xorg is now mostly auto-configured. {{file|xorg.conf}} is no longer used, but it is replaced by the directory {{file|/usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/}} for specific configurations only. The syntax of a configuration filename in this directory is <customname>.conf, such as {{file|''10-nvidia.conf''}}. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | See [[Configuring X]] and the | + | See [[Configuring X]] and the [http://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/x11.html FreeBSD Handbook: The X Window System] for more information. |
===Enabling hardware=== | ===Enabling hardware=== | ||
To enable the mouse and keyboard, considering that recent versions of xorg are set to use autodetection by default. | To enable the mouse and keyboard, considering that recent versions of xorg are set to use autodetection by default. | ||
| − | Add the following to | + | Add the following to {{file|/etc/rc.conf}}: |
dbus_enable="YES" | dbus_enable="YES" | ||
| − | For using devfs, add to | + | For using devfs, add to {{file|/etc/fstab}}: |
| − | devfs /dev devfs rw | + | devfs /dev devfs rw 0 0 # not necessary unless custom configuration is needed |
| − | fdescfs /dev/fd fdescfs rw | + | fdescfs /dev/fd fdescfs rw 0 0 |
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| − | + | {{man|fdescfs|5}} can alternatively be loaded through compiling in the kernel or through {{file|/boot/loader.conf}}. {{port|x11-servers/xorg-server}} has to be built without the hal option for this configuration. | |
| − | + | ||
| − | + | See the manpages: {{man|devd}}, {{man|devfs}}, {{man|devfs.conf}} and {{man|devfs.rules}}. For advanced topics on hardware configuration, such as information about videocards, enabling HDMI audio out, and using multiple displays, see [[Hardware Configuration, Audio/Video]]. | |
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| − | + | ==See also== | |
| − | + | * [[Hardware Configuration, Audio/Video]] - for setting up: ATI, Intel or Nvidia graphics cards; multiple monitors; audio; and overscan | |
| − | + | * [[Desktop, troubleshooting]] | |
| − | + | * [[Window Managers, BSD]] | |
== References== | == References== | ||
* FreeBSD 6 Unleashed (2006) | * FreeBSD 6 Unleashed (2006) | ||
| − | * | + | * FreeBSD related documentation and forums |
| − | + | ||
[[Category:FreeBSD for Workstations]] | [[Category:FreeBSD for Workstations]] | ||
[[Category:FreeBSD Multimedia]] | [[Category:FreeBSD Multimedia]] | ||
| − | [[Category: | + | [[Category:Configuring FreeBSD]] |
| + | [[Category:New_User_Tips_and_FAQs]] | ||
Latest revision as of 15:30, 11 February 2018
After installing and configuring the base system, here are instructions on how to get a light desktop up and running quickly. Xinit and XDM login managers are covered. Configuration of KDM, GDM, WDM and SLiM login managers is not described here, because they are part of windowmanagers that are not BSD style or are outdated.
Contents |
[edit] Install
The following input is sufficient to install the programs for a running Desktop system:
% pkg install xorg jwm xdm
In this example, replace jwm with your chosen window manager. If you're not using a graphical desktop login manager, remove xdm from above.
[edit] Desktop login
Configuration files for XDM and Xinit are under the /usr/local/etc/X11/ and ~/ directories, respective to Xsession and Xinit. The minimal configuration for .xsession or .xinit in your home directory is:
#!/bin/sh exec /usr/local/bin/<windowmanager>
[edit] Console
Set .xinitrc in each home folder, to load custom settings from that user's command line. The default /usr/local/etc/xinit/xinitrc points to several other files in your home directory.
Make sure the owner file permissions of .xinitrc are at minimum set to read.
% chmod 440 .xinitrc
Finally, type startx.
[edit] XDM
To configure x11/xdm to start up on boot, edit /etc/ttys and change the option on line ttyv8 from off to on:
ttyv8 "/usr/local/bin/xdm -nodaemon" xterm on secure
The secure option allows logging in to the root console without a password from single user mode.
Set up .xsession with owner and group permissions to read and execute. If you soft link .xsession and .xinitrc together, both permissions must be 550.
ln -s .xsession .xinitrc chmod 550 .xsession
Under normal circumstances, /usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/Xsession should be left alone, because this file by default points to ~/.xsession and ~/.xsession-errors.
[edit] Customization
Customization files for XDM are located in /usr/local/etc/X11/xdm/.
The background image or color can be changed with a command argument in Xsetup_0. xsetroot can set the background to a color or bitmap image. To choose a common image type, use a program such as x11/bgs or graphics/feh from within Xsetup_0.
Example of Xsetup_0:
#!/bin/sh bgs /home/mydirectory/mypicture.png & #xconsole &
The xconsole line can optionally be commented out. x11/xconsole is useful for displaying terminal output.
It is important to add an & after adding new configuration commands, or the login screen will freeze up with certain commands.
To change the box logo, edit Xresources, comment out or reference another .xpm file in the lines xlogin*logoFileName.
[edit] Desktop programs
Read the documentation of your chosen window manager's configuration files to load programs, if it is available. If your window manager doesn't have the ability to load desktop programs, use .xsession or .xinitrc, to start them.
Example of .xsession or .xinitrc:
#!/bin/sh xterm & xclock & exec jwm
Programs are loaded with &, and the window manager is loaded last with exec.
[edit] Xorg
Xorg is now mostly auto-configured. xorg.conf is no longer used, but it is replaced by the directory /usr/local/etc/X11/xorg.conf.d/ for specific configurations only. The syntax of a configuration filename in this directory is <customname>.conf, such as 10-nvidia.conf.
See Configuring X and the FreeBSD Handbook: The X Window System for more information.
[edit] Enabling hardware
To enable the mouse and keyboard, considering that recent versions of xorg are set to use autodetection by default.
Add the following to /etc/rc.conf:
dbus_enable="YES"
For using devfs, add to /etc/fstab:
devfs /dev devfs rw 0 0 # not necessary unless custom configuration is needed fdescfs /dev/fd fdescfs rw 0 0
fdescfs(5) can alternatively be loaded through compiling in the kernel or through /boot/loader.conf. x11-servers/xorg-server has to be built without the hal option for this configuration.
See the manpages: devd(), devfs(), devfs.conf() and devfs.rules(). For advanced topics on hardware configuration, such as information about videocards, enabling HDMI audio out, and using multiple displays, see Hardware Configuration, Audio/Video.
[edit] See also
- Hardware Configuration, Audio/Video - for setting up: ATI, Intel or Nvidia graphics cards; multiple monitors; audio; and overscan
- Desktop, troubleshooting
- Window Managers, BSD
[edit] References
- FreeBSD 6 Unleashed (2006)
- FreeBSD related documentation and forums
