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Linux, configuration

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==Loading Linux modules==
 
==Loading Linux modules==
 
===Quick method===
 
===Quick method===
−
First add to ''/etc/rc.conf'', to enable Linux/ELF binary emulation:
+
First add to {{file|/etc/rc.conf}}, to enable Linux/ELF binary emulation:
 
  linux_enable="YES"
 
  linux_enable="YES"
  
−
Then either edit ''/boot/loader.conf'' to include:
+
Then either edit {{file|/boot/loader.conf}} to include:
 
  linprocfs_load="YES"
 
  linprocfs_load="YES"
 
  linsysfs="YES"
 
  linsysfs="YES"
Line 15: Line 15:
  
 
===Compiling modules directly into kernel===
 
===Compiling modules directly into kernel===
−
Alternatively, [[Kernels, Custom|compile directly into the kernel]] by adding these options to your custom KERNCONF file in ''/usr/src/sys/*/conf/'' :
+
Alternatively, [[Kernels, Custom|compile directly into the kernel]] by adding these options to your custom ''{{file|KERNCONF}}'' file in {{file|/usr/src/sys/*/conf/}}:
 
  options        COMPAT_LINUX32    # This is used for 64bit processors
 
  options        COMPAT_LINUX32    # This is used for 64bit processors
 
  #options        COMPAT_LINUX      # This is used for 32bit processors; this option won't work on 64bit processors
 
  #options        COMPAT_LINUX      # This is used for 32bit processors; this option won't work on 64bit processors
Line 21: Line 21:
 
  options        LINSYSFS
 
  options        LINSYSFS
 
  device          lindev
 
  device          lindev
−
If this is done, comment out linux related lines in both ''rc.conf'' and ''loader.conf'' as mentioned in the previous section.
+
If this is done, comment out linux related lines in both {{file|rc.conf}} or {{file|loader.conf}} as mentioned in the previous section.
  
 
==Linux filesystems==
 
==Linux filesystems==
−
Linux filesystems then need to be mounted via adding the following to ''/etc/fstab'' :
+
Linux filesystems then need to be mounted via adding the following to {{file|/etc/fstab}}:
 
  linproc        /compat/linux/proc      linprocfs    rw  0  0
 
  linproc        /compat/linux/proc      linprocfs    rw  0  0
 
  linsys          /compat/linux/sys      linsysfs    rw  0  0
 
  linsys          /compat/linux/sys      linsysfs    rw  0  0
−
The mount command may also be used by reflecting what normally goes into ''fstab''.
+
The mount command may also be used by reflecting what normally goes into {{file|fstab}}.
  
 
To mount ext2, reiserfs and xfs filesystems, some which can only be mounted as read only:
 
To mount ext2, reiserfs and xfs filesystems, some which can only be mounted as read only:
Line 40: Line 40:
 
  % kldload reiserfs
 
  % kldload reiserfs
  
−
Mount options which can also be translated into ''fstab'' :
+
Mount options which can also be translated into {{file|fstab}}:
 
  % mount -t reiserfs /dev/ada* /mnt*
 
  % mount -t reiserfs /dev/ada* /mnt*
 
  % mount -t ext2fs /dev/ada* /mnt*
 
  % mount -t ext2fs /dev/ada* /mnt*
 
  % mount -t xfs /dev/ada* /mnt*
 
  % mount -t xfs /dev/ada* /mnt*
  
−
==More etc/ configurations==
+
==More configurations==
 
Most of the below is according to messages after compiling ports, or is from the FreeBSD Handbook, these instructions may change over time:
 
Most of the below is according to messages after compiling ports, or is from the FreeBSD Handbook, these instructions may change over time:
  
−
''/etc/devfs.conf'' :
+
===/etc/===
 +
{{file|/etc/devfs.conf}}:
 
  link /tmp shm
 
  link /tmp shm
−
''/etc/sysctl.conf'' :
+
{{file|/etc/sysctl.conf}}:
 
  compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18  # This or a similar line is only required if the linux emulated kernel is incompatible or outdated
 
  compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18  # This or a similar line is only required if the linux emulated kernel is incompatible or outdated
  
−
''/compat/linux/etc/yp.conf''
+
===/compat/linux/etc/===
 +
{{file|/compat/linux/etc/yp.conf}}
  
 
  domainname mydomain.com  # this is your network's domain-name without localhost
 
  domainname mydomain.com  # this is your network's domain-name without localhost
 
  ypserver localhost  # my.yp.server
 
  ypserver localhost  # my.yp.server
  
−
''/compat/linux/etc/nsswitch.conf''
+
{{file|/compat/linux/etc/nsswitch.conf}}
 
  passwd:    files nis
 
  passwd:    files nis
 
  shadow:    files nis
 
  shadow:    files nis
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  hosts:     files nis dns
 
  hosts:     files nis dns
  
−
''/compat/linux/etc/host.conf'' should look similar to, with an adjustment for your network settings:
+
{{file|/compat/linux/etc/host.conf}} should look similar to, with an adjustment for your network settings:
 
  order hosts, bind
 
  order hosts, bind
 
  multi on
 
  multi on
  
−
If the sub-directories don't exist yet, use "mkdir -p".
+
If the sub-directories don't exist yet, use {{cmd|mkdir -p}}.
  
 
==Emulated files==
 
==Emulated files==
−
Use the command ''ldd'' to find libraries.
+
Use the command {{cmd|ldd}} to find libraries.
−
brandelf is used to label programs as linux files.
+
{{cmd|brandelf}} is used to label programs as linux files.
 
  % brandelf -t Linux myfile
 
  % brandelf -t Linux myfile
  
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==References==
 
==References==
 
* Related manpages; and filesystem documentation
 
* Related manpages; and filesystem documentation
−
* [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu-lbc-install.html FreeBSD Handbook: Linux® Binary Compatibility]
+
* FreeBSD Handbook: [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/linuxemu-lbc-install.html Linux® Binary Compatibility], and [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems-linux.html Linux® File Systems]
−
* [https://www.freebsd.org/doc/en_US.ISO8859-1/books/handbook/filesystems-linux.html FreeBSD Handbook: Linux® File Systems]
+
  
 
[[Category:Common Tasks]]
 
[[Category:Common Tasks]]
 
[[Category:Linux Equivalents]]
 
[[Category:Linux Equivalents]]
 
[[Category:Configuring FreeBSD]]
 
[[Category:Configuring FreeBSD]]

Latest revision as of 07:10, 30 October 2015

Contents

[edit] Loading Linux modules

[edit] Quick method

First add to /etc/rc.conf, to enable Linux/ELF binary emulation: 

linux_enable="YES"

Then either edit /boot/loader.conf to include: 

linprocfs_load="YES"
linsysfs="YES"
linux_load="YES"
lindev_load="YES"

To load the module without rebooting type: 

% kldload linux

See: kldload, kldstat, and kldunload.

[edit] Compiling modules directly into kernel

Alternatively, compile directly into the kernel by adding these options to your custom KERNCONF file in /usr/src/sys/*/conf/: 

options         COMPAT_LINUX32    # This is used for 64bit processors
#options        COMPAT_LINUX      # This is used for 32bit processors; this option won't work on 64bit processors
options         LINPROCFS
options         LINSYSFS
device          lindev

If this is done, comment out linux related lines in both rc.conf or loader.conf as mentioned in the previous section.

[edit] Linux filesystems

Linux filesystems then need to be mounted via adding the following to /etc/fstab: 

linproc         /compat/linux/proc      linprocfs    rw  0  0
linsys          /compat/linux/sys       linsysfs     rw  0  0

The mount command may also be used by reflecting what normally goes into fstab.

To mount ext2, reiserfs and xfs filesystems, some which can only be mounted as read only:

Kernel compilation options: 

options    REISERFS
options    EXT2FS  #provides limited support for ext3 and ext4
options    XFS

Quick load of module options: 

% kldload ext2fs
% kldload reiserfs

Mount options which can also be translated into fstab: 

% mount -t reiserfs /dev/ada* /mnt*
% mount -t ext2fs /dev/ada* /mnt*
% mount -t xfs /dev/ada* /mnt*

[edit] More configurations

Most of the below is according to messages after compiling ports, or is from the FreeBSD Handbook, these instructions may change over time:

[edit] /etc/

/etc/devfs.conf: 

link /tmp shm

/etc/sysctl.conf: 

compat.linux.osrelease=2.6.18  # This or a similar line is only required if the linux emulated kernel is incompatible or outdated

[edit] /compat/linux/etc/

/compat/linux/etc/yp.conf 

domainname	mydomain.com  # this is your network's domain-name without localhost
ypserver	localhost  # my.yp.server

/compat/linux/etc/nsswitch.conf 

passwd:     files nis
shadow:     files nis
group:      files nis
hosts:	    files nis dns

/compat/linux/etc/host.conf should look similar to, with an adjustment for your network settings: 

order hosts, bind
multi on

If the sub-directories don't exist yet, use mkdir -p.

[edit] Emulated files

Use the command ldd to find libraries. brandelf is used to label programs as linux files. 

% brandelf -t Linux myfile

[edit] Ports

Installing Linux Centos is a recommended way of adding to Linux compatibility : 

% make distclean
% cd /usr/ports/emulators/linux_base-c6
% make install distclean

[edit] References

Retrieved from "http://freebsdwiki.net/index.php?title=Linux,_configuration&oldid=16158"
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