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Note: this article was taken very nearly verbatim from Scott Hetzel's excellent guide at [http://wiki.freebsd.org/RootOnZFS/GPTZFSBoot/Mirror http://wiki.freebsd.org/RootOnZFS/GPTZFSBoot/Mirror]. =Installing FreeBSD Root on ZFS (Mirror) using GPT= ==Creating a bootable ZFS Filesystem== Boot FreeBSD install DVD or USB Memstick, and choose the Fixit option in sysinstall. ===Create GPT Disks=== Fixit# gpart create -s gpt ad0 Fixit# gpart create -s gpt ad1 ===Create the boot, swap and zfs partitions=== Create 3 partitions on both drives ad0 and ad1. The first partition contains the gptzfsboot loader which is able to recognize and load the loader from a ZFS partition. The second partition is a 4 GB swap partition. The third partition is the partition containing the zpool (20GB). Fixit# gpart add -b 34 -s 128 -t freebsd-boot -l boot0 ad0 Fixit# gpart add -b 162 -s 8388608 -t freebsd-swap -l swap0 ad0 Fixit# gpart add -b 8388770 -s 41943040 -t freebsd-zfs -l root0 ad0 Fixit# gpart add -b 34 -s 128 -t freebsd-boot -l boot1 ad1 Fixit# gpart add -b 162 -s 8388608 -t freebsd-swap -l swap1 ad1 Fixit# gpart add -b 8388770 -s 41943040 -t freebsd-zfs -l root1 ad1 Notes: 1. While a ZFS Swap Volume can be used instead of the freebsd-swap partition, crash dumps can't be created on the ZFS Swap Volume. 2. Sizes and offsets are specified in sectors (1 sector is typically 512 bytes). 3. You may issue a '''gpart show''' command to see the correct location and size for further partitions you might need. ===Install the Protected MBR (pmbr) and gptzfsboot loader to both drives=== Fixit# gpart bootcode -b /mnt2/boot/pmbr -p /mnt2/boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad0 Fixit# gpart bootcode -b /mnt2/boot/pmbr -p /mnt2/boot/gptzfsboot -i 1 ad1 This may fail with an "operation not permitted" error message, since the kernel likes to protect critical parts of the disk. If this happens for you, run: Fixit# sysctl kern.geom.debugflags=0x10 ===Create the root ZFS Pool=== Fixit# kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/opensolaris.ko Fixit# kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/zfs.ko Fixit# mkdir /boot/zfs Fixit# zpool create zroot mirror /dev/gpt/root0 /dev/gpt/root1 Fixit# zpool set bootfs=zroot zroot =Install FreeBSD to zroot= ==Optional: Create ZFS datasets specifically for a FreeBSD system== If you wish, you may [[ZFS, creating datasets for the FreeBSD system|set up ZFS datasets within the zroot pool specifically optimized for the FreeBSD system]]. I wish to stress that this is ''optional'', and many admins may prefer to simply install to the single 20GB zroot pool already set up - among other things, following the guide linked to will cause ''sixteen'' new filesystems to show up in the output of '''df'''! If this sounds like more trouble than it's worth, skip this step completely and move on. ==Optional: Change the checksum algorithm== The fletcher4 algorithm should be more robust than the fletcher2 algorithm. Fixit# zfs set checksum=fletcher4 zroot ==Installing the system== Fixit# cd /zroot Fixit# cd /dist/8.0-* Fixit# export DESTDIR=/zroot Fixit# for dir in base catpages dict doc games info lib32 manpages ports; \ do (cd $dir ; ./install.sh) ; done Fixit# cd src ; ./install.sh all Fixit# cd ../kernels ; ./install.sh generic Fixit# cd /zroot/boot ; cp -Rlp GENERIC/* /zroot/boot/kernel/ ==Initial configuration of the new system== === chroot into the new system === Fixit# chroot /zroot === create a /home directory === If you didn't create a dataset for home in the [[ZFS, creating datasets for the FreeBSD system|optional steps above]], you'll need to create a directory for it now. Fixit# mkdir /usr/home Fixit# ln -s /usr/home home === configure /etc/rc.conf === Fixit# echo 'zfs_enable="YES"' > /etc/rc.conf Fixit# echo 'hostname="beastie.mydomain.local"' >> /etc/rc.conf Fixit# echo 'ifconfig_re0="DHCP"' >> /etc/rc.conf Note: Replace re0 with the name of the Network interface for the new system === configure /boot/loader.conf === Fixit# echo 'zfs_load="YES"' > /boot/loader.conf Fixit# echo 'vfs.root.mountfrom="zfs:zroot"' >> /boot/loader.conf Check your loader.conf, and make CERTAIN you the quotes in "zfs:zroot" showed up - your system '''will not boot''' if they're not there! === Change root's password === Fixit# passwd === Set the local time zone === Fixit# tzsetup === Create /etc/mail/aliases.db === Fixit# cd /etc/mail Fixit# make aliases ==Installing ZFS aware /boot/loader (Required for 8.0-RELEASE and 7.{0-2}-RELEASE)== '''Note''': This step is obsoleted in FreeBSD 8.0-STABLE, FreeBSD 9.0-CURRENT, FreeBSD 7.2-STABLE, and newer. Fixit# echo 'LOADER_ZFS_SUPPORT=YES' > /etc/src.conf Fixit# mount -t devfs devfs /dev Fixit# export DESTDIR="" Fixit# cd /usr/src/sys/boot/ Fixit# make obj Fixit# make depend Fixit# make Fixit# cd i386/loader Fixit# make install Fixit# umount /dev == Exit from the /zroot == Fixit# exit == Install zpool.cache to the ZFS filesystem == Fixit# cp /boot/zfs/zpool.cache /zroot/boot/zfs/zpool.cache = Finishing the installation = ==Using swap== There are 2 ways to use the gpt/swap0 and gpt/swap1 partitions. '''Only choose one!''' ===Create /etc/fstab to use both swap partitions=== Fixit# cat << EOF > /zroot/etc/fstab # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /dev/gpt/swap0 none swap sw 0 0 /dev/gpt/swap1 none swap sw 0 0 EOF ===Use gmirror to mirror the swap partitions=== Fixit# kldload /mnt2/boot/kernel/geom_mirror.ko Fixit# gmirror label -b prefer swap gpt/swap0 gpt/swap1 Note: The 'prefer' balance algorithm can be replaced by 'round-robin'. See the gmirror(8) man page about problem using the 'round-robin' balance algorithm and kernel dumps Fixit# cat << EOF > /zroot/etc/fstab # Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass# /dev/mirror/swap none swap sw 0 0 EOF Fixit# echo 'geom_mirror_load="YES"' >> /zroot/boot/loader.conf == Setting mountpoints before first boot == Fixit# export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/mnt2/lib Fixit# cd / Fixit# zfs unmount -a Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=legacy zroot If you set up the full hierarchy of ZFS datasets for the system in the optional steps above, you need to set their mountpoints as well: Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/tmp zroot/tmp Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/usr zroot/usr Fixit# zfs set mountpoint=/var zroot/var Exit Fixit mode and sysinstall. Remove the FreeBSD install DVD/Memstick and the system will boot using the ZFS root. [[Category:ZFS]] [[Category:FreeBSD for Servers]] [[Category:RAID]]

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