http://freebsdwiki.net/api.php?action=feedcontributions&user=DavidYoung&feedformat=atomFreeBSDwiki - User contributions [en]2024-03-29T14:49:38ZUser contributionsMediaWiki 1.18.0http://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/ChkrootkitChkrootkit2012-08-24T10:38:38Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>[[chkrootkit]] is not part of the base install, which is a good thing, ultimately. [[chkrootkit]] is used to -- wait for it -- check for [[rootkit]]s. Ideally, you'll never get hacked. But if you're unsure, you'll need to get a known-good version of chkrootkit as a first step in trying to find out if you ''have'' been hacked. So you'll want to install it from a CD, or download the binary from the internet from a known-trusted site. You don't want to keep a local copy on the machine in question because you'd never be sure if that wasn't hacked in some way and you really don't want to compile it on a machine that you suspect may be hacked.<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category: Ports and Packages]]<br />
[[Category:Securing FreeBSD]]<br />
<br />
== The Second Glance ==<br />
<br />
Have you ever cringed at the sight of a human being who is physically disfigured? David Roche, who was born with a facial disfigurement, spent years trying to hide from himself. At middle age, he discovered his inner beauty, his spirit and his strength, and he has dedicated his life to helping all people find the inner beauty within themselves and in others.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Second-Glance-FDzaku.html The Second Glance]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Student Goes From Homeless to Harvard ==<br />
<br />
Despite being abandoned to homelessness by her parents, Dawn Loggins worked as a high school custodian by day and studied hard by night to become the first person from her school to ever be admitted to Harvard.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Student-Goes-From-Homeless-to-Harvard-QX9Vg4.html Student Goes From Homeless to Harvard]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Why You Should Always Trust Yourself ==<br />
<br />
Trust yourself. You know more than you think you do. Benjamin SpockAs time passes by and the more work you will do on discovering and improving yourself, the more you will realize that the ancient Latin quotation: Ne te quaesiveris extra - Do not look outside of yourself for the truth, is true.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Why-You-Should-Always-Trust-Yourself-TR2gYW.html Why You Should Always Trust Yourself]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Pilgrims for Peace: One Couples Incredible Journey ==<br />
<br />
"In the life of each and every one of us, there is a defining moment, one after which we know that our lives will never be the same. For me, 9/11 was that moment." Mony Dojeijis defining moment eventually led her to an ancient pilgrimage route in Spain, where a chance encounter with an artist would change both of their lives forever. Together they would end up walking a pilgrimage for peace in Jerusalem -- and in the process would uncover precious insights about themselves, each other and the goodness of humanity.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Pilgrims-for-Peace-One-Couples-Incredible-Journey-FMm6R6.html Pilgrims for Peace: One Couples Incredible Journey]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Importance of Learned Optimism ==<br />
<br />
What 25 years of research reveal about the cognitive skills of happiness and finding lifes greater purpose.The illiterate of the 21st century, Alvin Toffler famously said, will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn. Our outlook on the world and our daily choices of disposition and behavior are in many ways learned patterns to which Tofflers insight applies with all the greater urgency<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Importance-of-Learned-Optimism-jmZjsG.html The Importance of Learned Optimism]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/ChkdskChkdsk2012-08-24T10:38:29Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>Under FreeBSD and other unixlike OSes, the equivalent command is [[fsck]], which is semi-acronymic for '''F'''ile'''S'''ystem'''C'''hec'''K'''.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Windows Equivalents]]<br />
<br />
== 9 Reasons Why You Should No Longer Care About Peoples Approval ==<br />
<br />
A truly strong person does not need the approval of others any more than a lion needs the approval of sheep. Vernon HowardApproval Seeking Behavior If you ask me, this is where many of our challenges start. When you are too concerned with what other people think of you, you start sabotaging your life, and you start moving forward but with the breaks on.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/9-Reasons-Why-You-Should-No-Longer-Care-About-Peoples-Approv-oy6.html 9 Reasons Why You Should No Longer Care About Peoples Approval]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Way of the Peaceful Parent ==<br />
<br />
The Way is only learned by walking it. Here are the steps I recommend:* Greet your child each morning with a smile, a hug, a loving Good Morning! This is how we would all like to be greeted each day.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Way-of-the-Peaceful-Parent-sdV8KN.html The Way of the Peaceful Parent]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 9 Reasons Why You Should No Longer Care About Peoples Approval ==<br />
<br />
A truly strong person does not need the approval of others any more than a lion needs the approval of sheep. Vernon HowardApproval Seeking Behavior If you ask me, this is where many of our challenges start. When you are too concerned with what other people think of you, you start sabotaging your life, and you start moving forward but with the breaks on.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/9-Reasons-Why-You-Should-No-Longer-Care-About-Peoples-Approv-oy6.html 9 Reasons Why You Should No Longer Care About Peoples Approval]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 18 Powerful Benefits Of Regular Physical Activity ==<br />
<br />
I was talking with a friend recently, and she was telling me how, during the winter time, when she would go to the gym, the place would be so empty, with only a few people, and how, when spring came, with summer also approaching, the place starting getting so crowded, and there were days when you just couldnt stretch your arms without hitting somebody, and it would be impossible for you to exercise and enjoy your time there.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/18-Powerful-Benefits-Of-Regular-Physical-Activity-bjoolO.html 18 Powerful Benefits Of Regular Physical Activity]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Authors Nominate Top Books of All Time ==<br />
<br />
In 2002, the Norwegian Book Clubs gathered 100 authors from 54 countries and asked each one to list the 10 best works of fiction of all time. The authors responded and this list was created. The titles are arranged alphabetically by author name, so no one book stands above any other. The following list is the groups selection of the worlds 100 best books.How many have you read?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Authors-Nominate-Top-Books-of-All-Time-kRj65H.html Authors Nominate Top Books of All Time]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/ChgrpChgrp2012-08-24T10:38:21Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>used to change the group of a file; this can also be done with [[chown]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:System Commands]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Great Lessons You Can Learn From Life ==<br />
<br />
Life isnt meant to be easy, its meant to be lived..sometimes happy, other times rough. But with every up and down you learn lessons that make you strong.Can you step back from your own mind for a little while and realize that life is not as bad as you think it is?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Great-Lessons-You-Can-Learn-From-Life-M0nUGD.html 5 Great Lessons You Can Learn From Life]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Young Girl with a Big Heart and an Old Man with a Lot of Flowers ==<br />
<br />
When I was very young (about ten or eleven years old), I heard that our neighbor, a retired physician, had lost his wife after a long illness. He was such a dear soul, and he had the most spectacular gardens in his backyard. The whole neighborhood could see his glorious flowers from the street. The backyard was a profusion of daisies and roses, snapdragons and lilies, hyacinths and columbines. I used to think there wasnt a flower in the world that he didnt grow.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Young-Girl-with-a-Big-Heart-and-an-Old-Man-with-a-Lot-of-F-lg9.html A Young Girl with a Big Heart and an Old Man with a Lot of Flowers]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Little Things You Can Do to Make the World a Lot Nicer ==<br />
<br />
A few years ago, Debbie Tenzer was feeling overwhelmed by all the crises in the news. But rather than give in to despair, she thought, Maybe I cant solve our big problems, but I know I can do something.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Little-Things-You-Can-Do-to-Make-the-World-a-Lot-Nicer-PxxL5F.html Little Things You Can Do to Make the World a Lot Nicer]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 12 Lessons To Learn From Highly Successful People ==<br />
<br />
The only work that will ultimately bring any good to any of us is the work of contributing to the healing of the world. Marianne WilliamsonSuccess can mean different things to different people, and I noticed that many of us have some kind of resistance to the word success, even though deep down inside, that is exactly what we all want, to live a successful and meaningful life.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/12-Lessons-To-Learn-From-Highly-Successful-People-sn25rw.html 12 Lessons To Learn From Highly Successful People]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Microbial Oasis Discovered Beneath the Atacama Desert ==<br />
<br />
Two metres below the surface of the Atacama Desert there is an oasis of microorganisms. Researchers from the Center of Astrobiology (Spain) and the Catholic University of the North in Chile have found it in hypersaline substrates thanks to SOLID, a detector for signs of life which could be used in environments similar to subsoil on Mars.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Microbial-Oasis-Discovered-Beneath-the-Atacama-Desert-WWstX4.html Microbial Oasis Discovered Beneath the Atacama Desert]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Changing_your_shellChanging your shell2012-08-24T10:38:14Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>Changing your shell is not that hard, and you can do it one of two ways:<br />
# using [[chsh]]<br />
# using [[chpass]] with the -s switch<br />
<br />
Both of these update the /etc/master.passwd database that holds the relevant info.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Shells]]<br />
<br />
== Microbial Oasis Discovered Beneath the Atacama Desert ==<br />
<br />
Two metres below the surface of the Atacama Desert there is an oasis of microorganisms. Researchers from the Center of Astrobiology (Spain) and the Catholic University of the North in Chile have found it in hypersaline substrates thanks to SOLID, a detector for signs of life which could be used in environments similar to subsoil on Mars.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Microbial-Oasis-Discovered-Beneath-the-Atacama-Desert-WWstX4.html Microbial Oasis Discovered Beneath the Atacama Desert]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Who Are You Really Mad At? ==<br />
<br />
A father yells at his son who then hits his sister. A boss gets upset at a manager who then yells at their employees. In both obvious and subtle forms, people often do or say something to someone when its really intended for someone else. In this honest self-reflection, leadership expert Peter Bregman looks more deeply at his own behaviour to discover freedom from habits and the choice of more thoughtful, productive responses. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Who-Are-You-Really-Mad-At-AdKbop.html Who Are You Really Mad At?]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Change Your Life Through the Art of Self Mastery ==<br />
<br />
There is only one corner of the universe you can be certain of improving, and thats your own SELF. ~ Aldous HuxleyI will share with you today some of the things I shared recently with an audience of close to 100 people, a topic that is very dear to my heart the Art of SELF Mastery, what really means to be true to your SELF, and the inner peace, harmony, love and the inner power that comes from being your true SELF.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Change-Your-Life-Through-the-Art-of-Self-Mastery-tEkVh3.html Change Your Life Through the Art of Self Mastery]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Story of Change ==<br />
<br />
"Ive come to see that we have two parts to ourselves; its almost like two muscles -- a consumer muscle and a citizen muscle. Our consumer muscle, which is fed and exercised constantly, has grown strong: So strong that "consumer" has become our primary identity, our reason for being. Were told so often that were a nation of consumers that we dont blink when the media use "consumer" and "person" interchangeably." <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Story-of-Change-hgReTV.html The Story of Change]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Who Are You Really Mad At? ==<br />
<br />
A father yells at his son who then hits his sister. A boss gets upset at a manager who then yells at their employees. In both obvious and subtle forms, people often do or say something to someone when its really intended for someone else. In this honest self-reflection, leadership expert Peter Bregman looks more deeply at his own behaviour to discover freedom from habits and the choice of more thoughtful, productive responses. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Who-Are-You-Really-Mad-At-AdKbop.html Who Are You Really Mad At?]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/CdCd2012-08-24T10:38:07Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''cd''' command (''"Change directory"''), sometimes also spelled '''chdir''', is built into any version of the Unix [[shell]] that you are likely to find. It is also found in DOS and the Windows CLI (''cmd.exe'' or ''command.com''), where it means the same thing as it does in a shell on FreeBSD and other unixlike OSes. <br />
<br />
A notable differences between the Unix shell ''cd'' and the DOS version is that, all shell versions of ''cd'' require a space between '''cd''' and the name of the directory to change to, even if the name is the symbol ''.'' (current directory), ''..'' (container directory), or ''/'' (file-system root directory). <br />
<br />
C:\Windows> '''cd\stuff''' (windows)<br />
splat# '''cd /stuff''' (unixlike)<br />
<br />
C:\Windows> '''cd..''' (windows)<br />
splat# '''cd ..''' (unixlike)<br />
<br />
[[cd]] by itself will send you to your home directory, as will '''cd ~'''. '''cd -''' will show you and then change your directory to the last directory you were in, as below:<br />
<br />
[dave]@deus /var/log % cd ~<br />
[dave]@deus ~ % pwd<br />
/home/dave<br />
[dave]@deus ~ % cd /etc<br />
[dave]@deus /etc % cd -<br />
/home/dave<br />
[dave]@deus ~ %<br />
<br />
==Common Arguments==<br />
.. up one level, e.g., cd .. in /e/foo will take you to /e/<br />
- previous directory<br />
~ home<br />
~username home directory of the user "username"<br />
. the directory I am in. Not used very often with [[cd]] but more often with commands.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Windows Equivalents]]<br />
<br />
== Simple Ways Of Dealing With Conflict ==<br />
<br />
Being in control of your life and having realistic expectations about your day-to-day challenges are the keys to stress management, which is perhaps the most important ingredient to living a happy, healthy and rewarding life. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Simple-Ways-Of-Dealing-With-Conflict-n0JxBe.html Simple Ways Of Dealing With Conflict]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Quick Guide To The Art of Listening ==<br />
<br />
The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to understand people is to listen to them. Ralph Nichols<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Quick-Guide-To-The-Art-of-Listening-ALkv60.html A Quick Guide To The Art of Listening]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Quick Guide To The Art of Listening ==<br />
<br />
The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to understand people is to listen to them. Ralph Nichols<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Quick-Guide-To-The-Art-of-Listening-ALkv60.html A Quick Guide To The Art of Listening]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Importance of Learned Optimism ==<br />
<br />
What 25 years of research reveal about the cognitive skills of happiness and finding lifes greater purpose.The illiterate of the 21st century, Alvin Toffler famously said, will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn. Our outlook on the world and our daily choices of disposition and behavior are in many ways learned patterns to which Tofflers insight applies with all the greater urgency<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Importance-of-Learned-Optimism-jmZjsG.html The Importance of Learned Optimism]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Rainbow of Colorful Critters Discovered in Suriname ==<br />
<br />
A scientific expedition into one of the worlds last pristine tropical forests has revealed incredibly diverse species and extraordinary cultural heritage, said Conservation International (CI) today, announcing the results of a scientific survey in southwest Suriname that documented nearly 1,300 species, including 46 species which may be new to science. The announcement comes as the global organization marks 25 years of science-based conservation, this month.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Rainbow-of-Colorful-Critters-Discovered-in-Suriname-TjkvIE.html Rainbow of Colorful Critters Discovered in Suriname]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/CatCat2012-08-24T10:38:00Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>Found in /bin/cat, when [[cat]] is given a file as an argument, it will print out the file contents to your console, or it can be [[redirected]] to another file or process.<br />
<br />
samizdata# '''cat /etc/fstab'''<br />
# Device Mountpoint FStype Options Dump Pass#<br />
/dev/da0b none swap sw 0 0<br />
/dev/da1b none swap sw 0 0<br />
/dev/da0a / ufs rw 1 1<br />
/dev/da0d /tmp ufs rw 2 2<br />
/dev/da1e /usr ufs rw 2 2<br />
/dev/da1d /var ufs rw 2 2<br />
/dev/cd0 /cdrom cd9660 ro,noauto 0 0<br />
<br />
Related commands are '''zcat''' (aka '''gzcat''') and '''bzcat''', for use with gzipped and bzipped archives, respectively. Very useful for easily reading rotated, compressed logfiles - for example, let's say I'm tracking down some jackass that keeps trying to find a way into my server, and I want to look at one of the older sections of my auth log:<br />
<br />
ph34r# '''bzcat auth.log.0.bz2 | grep Illegal'''<br />
Oct 19 20:47:47 ph34r sshd[35556]: Illegal user adam from 218.38.28.136<br />
Oct 19 20:47:49 ph34r sshd[35558]: Illegal user alan from 218.38.28.136<br />
Oct 19 20:47:52 ph34r sshd[35560]: Illegal user frank from 218.38.28.136<br />
Oct 19 20:47:54 ph34r sshd[35562]: Illegal user george from 218.38.28.136<br />
Oct 19 20:47:56 ph34r sshd[35564]: Illegal user henry from 218.38.28.136<br />
Oct 19 20:47:59 ph34r sshd[35566]: Illegal user john from 218.38.28.136<br />
Oct 19 20:48:14 ph34r sshd[35578]: Illegal user test from 218.38.28.136<br />
<br />
Without having to muck around with multiple steps or temporary files or any of that business, I told my server to load up the bzip archive of the last section of my auth log, decompress it, and send the results to [[grep]] so that I'd only see the entries related to "Illegal" users. And voila - I can see that the idiot at the APNIC address 218.38.28.136 is trying a [[Block repeated illegal or failed SSH logins|dictionary-style username attack]] on my server.<br />
<br />
==Related link==<br />
* [[Block repeated illegal or failed SSH logins]]<br />
<br />
[[category: System Commands]]<br />
<br />
== The Way of the Peaceful Parent ==<br />
<br />
The Way is only learned by walking it. Here are the steps I recommend:* Greet your child each morning with a smile, a hug, a loving Good Morning! This is how we would all like to be greeted each day.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Way-of-the-Peaceful-Parent-sdV8KN.html The Way of the Peaceful Parent]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Paths Are Made By Walking ==<br />
<br />
2012s Baccalaureate speaker at the University of Pennsylvania was an unconventional choice for an Ivy League school. To address their newly-minted graduates, aspiring to dazzling careers, they picked a man who has never in his adult life, applied for a job. A man who hasnt worked for pay in nearly a decade, and whose self-stated mission is simply "to bring smiles to the world and stillness to my heart". <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Paths-Are-Made-By-Walking-CMdEh4.html Paths Are Made By Walking]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Not a Fairytale: Americas First Public Food Forest ==<br />
<br />
Hungry? Just head over to the park. Seattles new food forest aims to be an edible wilderness. Seattles vision of an urban food oasis is going forward. A seven-acre plot of land in the citys Beacon Hill neighborhood will be planted with hundreds of different kinds of edibles<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Not-a-Fairytale-Americas-First-Public-Food-Forest-N18Amw.html Not a Fairytale: Americas First Public Food Forest]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 10 Keys to Happier Living ==<br />
<br />
Action for Happiness has developed the 10 Keys to Happier Living based on a review of the latest scientific research relating to happiness. Everyones path to happiness is different, but the research suggests these Ten Keys consistently tend to have a positive impact on peoples overall happiness and well-being.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/10-Keys-to-Happier-Living-vxnwik.html 10 Keys to Happier Living]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Would Gandhi Use Social Media? ==<br />
<br />
If Gandhi were alive today, would he use social media? He was never anti-technology, or even anti-changing with the times. Quite the opposite, actually. If Internet technologies and social networks were around, he would certainly have embraced them -- but with a conscious mindfulness of their strengths and weaknesses.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Would-Gandhi-Use-Social-Media-J39i2S.html Would Gandhi Use Social Media?]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Capturing_Screen_Content_To_A_FileCapturing Screen Content To A File2012-08-24T10:37:53Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== Capturing Screen Content To A File ==<br />
<br />
Sometimes you may want to capture everything that displays on the console screen to a file. This is really useful in making a record of what you are doing that you can review later if there is a problem. Use the script command like this:<br />
<br />
script /root/console.log <br />
<br />
When finished 'enter exit' to stop recording all console messages to the file.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Common Tasks]]<br />
<br />
== 15 Life Changing Lessons to Learn from Wayne Dyer ==<br />
<br />
Some of the most powerful and life changing lessons I have learned so far came from this great man, Wayne Dyer and today I would like to share with you some of these lessons. The lessons are in no particular order as all of them are equally important.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/15-Life-Changing-Lessons-to-Learn-from-Wayne-Dyer-rnH16X.html 15 Life Changing Lessons to Learn from Wayne Dyer]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 10 Ways to Love Where You Live ==<br />
<br />
Community is not just for extroverts.For thousands of years, our ancestors lived in barrios, hamlets, neighborhoods, and villages. Yet in the time since our parents and grandparents were young, privacy has become so valued that many neighborhoods are not much more than houses in proximity.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/10-Ways-to-Love-Where-You-Live-FT4yRy.html 10 Ways to Love Where You Live]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Young Girl with a Big Heart and an Old Man with a Lot of Flowers ==<br />
<br />
When I was very young (about ten or eleven years old), I heard that our neighbor, a retired physician, had lost his wife after a long illness. He was such a dear soul, and he had the most spectacular gardens in his backyard. The whole neighborhood could see his glorious flowers from the street. The backyard was a profusion of daisies and roses, snapdragons and lilies, hyacinths and columbines. I used to think there wasnt a flower in the world that he didnt grow.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Young-Girl-with-a-Big-Heart-and-an-Old-Man-with-a-Lot-of-F-lg9.html A Young Girl with a Big Heart and an Old Man with a Lot of Flowers]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Sisters Deathless Legacy of Love ==<br />
<br />
After living through an experimental cancer treatment my sister Barb was left unable to work. When she was offered the opportunity to do a mission trip in India if she could come up with $3,000 - she was left thinking there was no way she could go. No way to raise the funds. She asked me to brainstorm with her as to ways she could raise money. "The only thing I can do is hug," she told me - and thus her adventure began.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Sisters-Deathless-Legacy-of-Love-UvTY7u.html A Sisters Deathless Legacy of Love]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Pilgrims for Peace: One Couples Incredible Journey ==<br />
<br />
"In the life of each and every one of us, there is a defining moment, one after which we know that our lives will never be the same. For me, 9/11 was that moment." Mony Dojeijis defining moment eventually led her to an ancient pilgrimage route in Spain, where a chance encounter with an artist would change both of their lives forever. Together they would end up walking a pilgrimage for peace in Jerusalem -- and in the process would uncover precious insights about themselves, each other and the goodness of humanity.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Pilgrims-for-Peace-One-Couples-Incredible-Journey-FMm6R6.html Pilgrims for Peace: One Couples Incredible Journey]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/C_shellC shell2012-08-24T10:37:45Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>/bin/csh is where you'll find the binary of the C shell, so called because its syntax is very like the C programming language. It was written by Bill Joy of Sun Microsystems and is the only other shell besides the spartan [[Bourne shell]] (/bin/sh) that comes installed by default on a freshly-installed FreeBSD system.<br />
<br />
FreeBSD actually uses the tcsh variant of the csh. If you run '''ls -i /bin/*csh''' you'll see that /bin/csh is a hardlink to /bin/tcsh (meaning they are actually the same file).<br />
<br />
Other shells that you can install and customize for ease of use include the [[bash]], [[psh]], [[ksh]], and [[zsh]] shells.<br />
<br />
[[Category: Shells]]<br />
<br />
== Your Life Is What You Make It ==<br />
<br />
If you limit your choices only to what seems possible or reasonable, you disconnect yourself from what you truly want, and all that is left is compromise. Robert Fritz<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Your-Life-Is-What-You-Make-It-aTRqC9.html Your Life Is What You Make It]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Turning Grief Into Giving ==<br />
<br />
My friends decided that I needed to get out at least once a week and so we started going for coffee. Those friends helped me get through that terrible first year and still continue to help me. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Turning-Grief-Into-Giving-CDHALz.html Turning Grief Into Giving]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 15 Life Changing Lessons to Learn from Wayne Dyer ==<br />
<br />
Some of the most powerful and life changing lessons I have learned so far came from this great man, Wayne Dyer and today I would like to share with you some of these lessons. The lessons are in no particular order as all of them are equally important.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/15-Life-Changing-Lessons-to-Learn-from-Wayne-Dyer-rnH16X.html 15 Life Changing Lessons to Learn from Wayne Dyer]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Radical Linguist Noam Chomsky ==<br />
<br />
For centuries experts held that every language is unique. Then one day in 1956, a young linguistics professor gave a legendary presentation at the Symposium on Information Theory at MIT. He argued that every intelligible sentence conforms not only to the rules of its particular language but to a universal grammar that encompasses all languages. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Radical-Linguist-Noam-Chomsky-WKTWnp.html The Radical Linguist Noam Chomsky]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 18 Powerful Benefits Of Regular Physical Activity ==<br />
<br />
I was talking with a friend recently, and she was telling me how, during the winter time, when she would go to the gym, the place would be so empty, with only a few people, and how, when spring came, with summer also approaching, the place starting getting so crowded, and there were days when you just couldnt stretch your arms without hitting somebody, and it would be impossible for you to exercise and enjoy your time there.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/18-Powerful-Benefits-Of-Regular-Physical-Activity-bjoolO.html 18 Powerful Benefits Of Regular Physical Activity]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/CVSUPCVSUP2012-08-24T10:37:38Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Cvsup]]<br />
<br />
<br />
== The Limitations of Positive Thinking ==<br />
<br />
Positive thinking is so firmly enshrined in our culture that knocking it is a little like attacking motherhood or apple pie. Many persons swear by positive thinking and quite a few have been helped by it. Nevertheless, it is not a very effective tool and can be downright harmful in some cases. There are much better ways to get the benefits that positive thinking allegedly provides.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Limitations-of-Positive-Thinking-m3ZrTe.html The Limitations of Positive Thinking]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Guerilla Gardener Plants Joy in Potholes ==<br />
<br />
Theyre the bane of cyclists and motorists alike, but one urban gardener has grown a fondness for potholes after deciding to spruce up cities around Europe by filling them up with miniature flower arrangements. Australian Steve Wheen, 34, who lives in London, has been using flowers and small-scale objects to transform urban potholes for the last three years. The self-styled guerrilla gardener has created mini gardens all around his home city but has now decided to bring joy to commuters across Europe with his unusual pothole creations.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Guerilla-Gardener-Plants-Joy-in-Potholes-CnUGQR.html Guerilla Gardener Plants Joy in Potholes]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Awakening Our Collaborative Spirit ==<br />
<br />
The physicist, David Bohm, while researching the lives of Einstein, Heisenberg, Pauli and Bohr, made a remarkable observation. Bohm noticed that their incredible breakthroughs took place through simple, open and honest conversation. He observed, for instance, that Einstein and his colleagues spent years freely meeting and conversing with each other.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Awakening-Our-Collaborative-Spirit-AjXaD8.html Awakening Our Collaborative Spirit]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 9 Reasons Why You Should No Longer Care About Peoples Approval ==<br />
<br />
A truly strong person does not need the approval of others any more than a lion needs the approval of sheep. Vernon HowardApproval Seeking Behavior If you ask me, this is where many of our challenges start. When you are too concerned with what other people think of you, you start sabotaging your life, and you start moving forward but with the breaks on.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/9-Reasons-Why-You-Should-No-Longer-Care-About-Peoples-Approv-oy6.html 9 Reasons Why You Should No Longer Care About Peoples Approval]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Relationship Between Gifts & Community ==<br />
<br />
Wherever I go and ask people what is missing from their lives, the most common answer (if they are not impoverished or seriously ill) is "community." What happened to community, and why dont we have it any more? There are many reasons the layout of suburbia, the disappearance of public space, the automobile and the television, the high mobility of people and jobs and, if you trace the "whys" a few levels down, they all implicate the money system.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Relationship-Between-Gifts-Community-zbK8gw.html The Relationship Between Gifts & Community]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/CURRENTCURRENT2012-08-24T10:37:30Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>'''CURRENT''' is the bleeding edge of FreeBSD development. In FreeBSD terminology, ''CURRENT'' is not the opposite of ''obsolete''. Rather, it is the opposite of ''supported'', and it contrasts sharply with [[STABLE]]. See [[FreeBSD Release Branches]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:FreeBSD Terminology]]<br />
<br />
== The Secret to Success Kindness ==<br />
<br />
Take a look at these simple but powerful words from the Dalai Lama, Kindness and a good heart are the foundation for success in this life, progress on the spiritual path, and the fulfillment of our aspirations. Our need for them is not limited to any specific time, place, society, or culture. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Secret-to-Success-Kindness-qClIIA.html The Secret to Success Kindness]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Man Builds Fairy Tale Home for $4700 ==<br />
<br />
Simon Dale is a family man in Wales, the western part of Great Britain. His interest in self-sustainability and an ecological awareness led him to dig out and build his own homeone of the loveliest, warmest, most inviting dwellings you could ever imagine. And it cost him only 3,000, about $4,700 American dollars!<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Man-Builds-Fairy-Tale-Home-for-4700-CHIO9L.html Man Builds Fairy Tale Home for $4700]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Young Girl with a Big Heart and an Old Man with a Lot of Flowers ==<br />
<br />
When I was very young (about ten or eleven years old), I heard that our neighbor, a retired physician, had lost his wife after a long illness. He was such a dear soul, and he had the most spectacular gardens in his backyard. The whole neighborhood could see his glorious flowers from the street. The backyard was a profusion of daisies and roses, snapdragons and lilies, hyacinths and columbines. I used to think there wasnt a flower in the world that he didnt grow.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Young-Girl-with-a-Big-Heart-and-an-Old-Man-with-a-Lot-of-F-lg9.html A Young Girl with a Big Heart and an Old Man with a Lot of Flowers]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Your Life Is What You Make It ==<br />
<br />
If you limit your choices only to what seems possible or reasonable, you disconnect yourself from what you truly want, and all that is left is compromise. Robert Fritz<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Your-Life-Is-What-You-Make-It-aTRqC9.html Your Life Is What You Make It]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Behind the Beautiful Forevers ==<br />
<br />
For two decades, and currently at The New Yorker, youve written about the distribution of opportunity, and the means by which people might get out of poverty, in America. What inspired you to start asking the same kinds of questions in India?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Behind-the-Beautiful-Forevers-YtCKM3.html Behind the Beautiful Forevers]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/CUPSCUPS2012-08-24T10:37:23Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>CUPS (Common Unix Printing System)<br />
This makes it easy to add printers to your system and programs such as firefox will pick up the printer list automatically.<br />
<br />
==Installing CUPS==<br />
# pkg_add -r cups<br />
<br />
or <br />
<br />
# cd /usr/ports/print/cups<br />
# make install clean<br />
<br />
The CUPS daemon can now be started.<br />
<br />
# export cupsd_enable="YES"<br />
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/cupsd start<br />
<br />
If you want CUPS to start at boot time, as you probably do, add the line ''cupsd_enable="YES"'' to /etc/rc.conf.<br />
<br />
Note that the port installed by sysinstall (for FreeBSD 6.2 at least) is cups-base and much fucntionality is missing so you may want to add the above port even if you installed cups when you installed FreeBSD. As well, cups-base (and perhaps cups) does not create a directory for CUPS log files. They can be very handy for debugging so create one this way:<br />
<br />
# mkdir /var/log/cups<br />
<br />
==Install a Parallel Printer==<br />
<br />
If you use an old parallel printer then you need to do the following before you add the printer through cups:<br />
<br />
# chown root:cups /dev/lpt0<br />
# chmod 0660 /dev/lpt0<br />
<br />
Now add these lines to /etc/devfs.conf so that the permissions are set during boot time<br />
<br />
own /dev/lpt0 root:cups<br />
perm /dev/lpt0 0660<br />
<br />
Turn on your printer and let it boot up. You should also make sure that it is "On Line". Now go back into the cups setup http://localhost:631 and add your printer, you will notice that there is now a Parallel device present.<br />
<br />
After installing a printer try printing a test page. If you are using a non-Postscript printer you may get the error:<br />
<br />
Unsupported format 'application/postscript'<br />
<br />
In this case, add the port cups-pstoraster or the cups meta-port.<br />
<br />
# pkg_add -r cups-pstoraster<br />
<br />
or<br />
<br />
# pkg_add -r cups<br />
<br />
Now open /usr/local/etc/cups/mime.convs in an editor as root and add or uncomment the line linking pstoraster to the mime type application/postscript.<br />
<br />
application/vnd.cups-postscript application/vnd.cups-raster 100 pstoraster<br />
<br />
Restart the cups daemon<br />
<br />
# /usr/local/etc/rc.d/cupsd restart<br />
<br />
and try to print a test page.<br />
<br />
==Installing a PCL printer==<br />
<br />
If you have a printer which handles PCL but not PS then you need to install the 'hpijs' port<br />
<br />
# portinstall -P hpijs<br />
<br />
Now you will have a huge list of HP printers to select from, if you have a basic B&W laser printer which accepts PCL then use the 'HP LaserJet 5L Foomatic/hpijs' driver and you shouldn't have a problem.<br />
<br />
==Printing from Windows XP to a FreeBSD CUPs server==<br />
You don't require samba to print from an XP client through a FreeBSD CUPS server to your printer. It's easier to do this without samba actually. It doesn't matter if you have samba installed though.<br />
<br />
Simply get your printers working under CUPs and on the local server and test these. Then on the windows box add a new network printer and point that printer to your server by using the URL section of the wizard.<br />
<br />
For example <br />
http://<server>:631/printers/<printer name><br />
<br />
Then you will be able to have full rights of that printer on each windows box.<br />
<br />
==KDE Setup==<br />
You can setup any non KDE applications such as Openoffice to use the KDE printer dialogue by setting up the default printer of that applications as:<br />
<br />
kprinter -stdin<br />
<br />
<br />
===Openoffice===<br />
Change the default printer in openoffice spadmin program<br />
<br />
<br />
===xpdf===<br />
<br />
Add the following to /usr/X11R6/etc/xpdfrc config file.<br />
psFile "|kprinter -stdin"<br />
<br />
==CUPS to PDF==<br />
CUPS can also be used to print directly from any program to a PDF file.<br />
<br />
# pkg_add -r cups-pdf<br />
<br />
<br />
==CUPS mimics lpr==<br />
If you have old programs which use lpr to print then you should install CUPS-lpr<br />
<br />
# pkg_add -r cups-lpr<br />
<br />
==CUPS Troubleshooting==<br />
<br />
===CUPS with proxy===<br />
Make sure if you run a proxy to set localhost in the exceptions of your browser.<br />
Should now be able to connect to http://localhost:631<br />
<br />
===CUPS and KDE Error===<br />
If you get an error in KDE print manager such as:<br />
cups host not found.<br />
<br />
Then change the host from<br />
host: /var/run/cups.sock<br />
to<br />
host: localhost<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
===CUPS and Gnome Warning===<br />
In order to have CUPS work with Gnome applications and Firefox3, you will need to add 'WITH_CUPS="YES"' to your /etc/make.conf and recompile libgnomeprint and gtk20. You can do that with the commands:<br />
# echo 'WITH_CUPS="YES"' >> /etc/make.conf<br />
# cd /usr/ports/print/libgnomeprint && make deinstall && make configure && make install<br />
# cd /usr/ports/x11-toolkits/gtk20 && make deinstall && make configure && make install<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ports and Packages]]<br />
<br />
== Man Builds Fairy Tale Home for $4700 ==<br />
<br />
Simon Dale is a family man in Wales, the western part of Great Britain. His interest in self-sustainability and an ecological awareness led him to dig out and build his own homeone of the loveliest, warmest, most inviting dwellings you could ever imagine. And it cost him only 3,000, about $4,700 American dollars!<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Man-Builds-Fairy-Tale-Home-for-4700-CHIO9L.html Man Builds Fairy Tale Home for $4700]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Importance of Imagination ==<br />
<br />
While growing up, Id never really considered how important it is to be imaginative. Its a childhood profession, you could say. It comes naturally. Then we hit an age when were presented with a scantron of bubble-in options, a template for a CV that we need to create, and Excel. At that point, our learning has to fit into certain parameters: within that little bubble, within the one page limit, and within a tiny digital graph. So, what happens to our imagination?It seems to fade.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Importance-of-Imagination-BvyL3n.html The Importance of Imagination]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Behind the Beautiful Forevers ==<br />
<br />
For two decades, and currently at The New Yorker, youve written about the distribution of opportunity, and the means by which people might get out of poverty, in America. What inspired you to start asking the same kinds of questions in India?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Behind-the-Beautiful-Forevers-YtCKM3.html Behind the Beautiful Forevers]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 10 Tips Designed to Keep You on Your Toes ==<br />
<br />
Life is best enjoyed when time periods are evenly divided between labor, sleep, and recreationall people should spend one-third of their time in recreation which is rebuilding, voluntary activity, never idleness. ~ Brigham Young<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/10-Tips-Designed-to-Keep-You-on-Your-Toes-tWWIOy.html 10 Tips Designed to Keep You on Your Toes]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 9 Steps to Achieving Flow (and Happiness) at Work ==<br />
<br />
[Flow means] being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. The ego falls away. Time flies. Every action, movement, and thought follows inevitably from the previous one, like playing jazz. --Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/9-Steps-to-Achieving-Flow-and-Happiness-at-Work-LFdIya.html 9 Steps to Achieving Flow (and Happiness) at Work]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/CPANCPAN2012-08-24T10:37:15Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>The '' '''C'''omprehensive '''P'''erl '''A'''rchive '''N'''etwork'' is a repository of thousands of tested and documented, re-useable modules providing functionality that you can use in your [[Perl]] scripts. <br />
<br />
==CPAN ports==<br />
Many of these modules can be installed using the FreeBSD [[ports tree]]. This is by far to be preferred over installing them using the <code>cpan</code> program. CPAN modules installed from ports can be automatically updated just like any other port. As with other ports, compatibility issues are monitored, and modules incompatible with your configuration are flagged. Search the ports tree first, for the module that you want to install, before resorting to the <code>cpan</code> program.<br />
<br />
==The <code>cpan</code> program==<br />
Many of the ''CPAN'' modules are ''not'' available from ports; and for these you will probably want to compile and install them yourself using the <code>cpan</code> command interface. On FreeBSD, modules installed with <code>cpan</code> are listed in the package database as <code>bsdpan-</code> packages. They will not be automatically upgraded.<br />
<br />
Install specified [[perl]] modules:<br />
cpan module_name [ module_name ... ]<br />
<br />
Install modules with extra behavior (''clean'', ''force'', ''install'' (optional switch), ''make'', ''test''):<br />
cpan [-cfimt] module_name [ module_name ... ]<br />
<br />
The CPAN shell is very simple to use. Start without arguments:<br />
cpan<br />
<br />
In the shell, there's a host of useful commands:<br />
<u>cpan</u>> '''help'''<br />
<br />
See http://www.cpan.org/<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ports and Packages]]<br />
<br />
== How To Speak More Wisely ==<br />
<br />
It had been three weeks since my throat started to feel sore, and it wasnt getting better. The pain was most acute when I spoke. So I decided to spend a few days speaking as little as possible. Every time I had the urge to say something, I paused for a moment to question whether it was worth irritating my throat.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/How-To-Speak-More-Wisely-86itqo.html How To Speak More Wisely]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 7 Reasons Why Not Making Mistakes Is The Biggest Mistake ==<br />
<br />
The FEAR of being nothing, achieving nothing and becoming nothing should be way bigger than the fear of making mistakes.A life spent making mistakes is not only more honorable, but more useful than a life spent doing nothing. ~ George Bernard Shaw<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/7-Reasons-Why-Not-Making-Mistakes-Is-The-Biggest-Mistake-9Wbscy.html 7 Reasons Why Not Making Mistakes Is The Biggest Mistake]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Man Climbs Worlds 14 Tallest Peaks ==<br />
<br />
Hirotaka Takeuchi has gotten official certification for his feat of climbing the worlds 14 tallest mountains. Hes the 30th person ever and the first Japanese person to accomplish the feat.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Man-Climbs-Worlds-14-Tallest-Peaks-f1nJlP.html Man Climbs Worlds 14 Tallest Peaks]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== How To Speak More Wisely ==<br />
<br />
It had been three weeks since my throat started to feel sore, and it wasnt getting better. The pain was most acute when I spoke. So I decided to spend a few days speaking as little as possible. Every time I had the urge to say something, I paused for a moment to question whether it was worth irritating my throat.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/How-To-Speak-More-Wisely-86itqo.html How To Speak More Wisely]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Journey to the End of the Earth ==<br />
<br />
I realized quickly, after just having traveled to various villages in rural India, that distance is relative. Hailing from a city like San Francisco, going even a few hours outside of town is far but twelve hours outside of a major city? I half expected to run into another country.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Journey-to-the-End-of-the-Earth-tbNql3.html Journey to the End of the Earth]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/COPYCOPY2012-08-24T10:37:07Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>'''COPY''' is the DOS command for copying files. Under FreeBSD and other unixlike OSes, the equivalent command is [[cp]].<br />
<br />
==Common options==<br />
-R recursive -- copy files in directories underneath<br />
-H follow symbolic [[links]] in the command line, if -R is specified<br />
-L follow all [[links]], even if not specified, if -R is specified<br />
-P do NOT follow links if -R is specified (default action)<br />
-i prompt before overwriting<br />
-p preserve attributes (modification and access times, file flags and <br />
mode, owner and group ID.<br />
-v verbose -- tell me everything that's going on.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Windows Equivalents]]<br />
<br />
== Refugee Turned Entrepreneur Uplifts Women Abroad ==<br />
<br />
While some retailers have struggled in the recession, Amber Chand, an online retailer of items made by women living in war-torn countries, is experiencing success."As the economy was going into a downturn during the holiday season, which is my primary season, I noticed actually that my company was increasing in terms of sales and revenues, and we grew by 22 percent," says Chand.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Refugee-Turned-Entrepreneur-Uplifts-Women-Abroad-w0ETyF.html Refugee Turned Entrepreneur Uplifts Women Abroad]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Man Climbs Worlds 14 Tallest Peaks ==<br />
<br />
Hirotaka Takeuchi has gotten official certification for his feat of climbing the worlds 14 tallest mountains. Hes the 30th person ever and the first Japanese person to accomplish the feat.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Man-Climbs-Worlds-14-Tallest-Peaks-f1nJlP.html Man Climbs Worlds 14 Tallest Peaks]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Little Things You Can Do to Make the World a Lot Nicer ==<br />
<br />
A few years ago, Debbie Tenzer was feeling overwhelmed by all the crises in the news. But rather than give in to despair, she thought, Maybe I cant solve our big problems, but I know I can do something.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Little-Things-You-Can-Do-to-Make-the-World-a-Lot-Nicer-PxxL5F.html Little Things You Can Do to Make the World a Lot Nicer]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Change Your Life Through the Art of Self Mastery ==<br />
<br />
There is only one corner of the universe you can be certain of improving, and thats your own SELF. ~ Aldous HuxleyI will share with you today some of the things I shared recently with an audience of close to 100 people, a topic that is very dear to my heart the Art of SELF Mastery, what really means to be true to your SELF, and the inner peace, harmony, love and the inner power that comes from being your true SELF.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Change-Your-Life-Through-the-Art-of-Self-Mastery-tEkVh3.html Change Your Life Through the Art of Self Mastery]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Googles Jolly Good Fellow on Inner Peace ==<br />
<br />
Chade-Meng Tan (widely known as Meng) was among the earliest engineers to be hired at Google. When Google allowed engineers to spend 20% of their time pursuing their passion, Meng decided to spend his time on a cause dear to his heart: Launching a conspiracy to bring about world peace. Meng believes that world peace can be achieved -- but only if people cultivate the conditions for inner peace within themselves. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Googles-Jolly-Good-Fellow-on-Inner-Peace-xfIvQS.html Googles Jolly Good Fellow on Inner Peace]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/CC-BYCC-BY2012-08-24T10:37:01Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>License: CC-BY, 2.5<br />
<br />
THE WORK (AS DEFINED BELOW) IS PROVIDED UNDER THE TERMS OF THIS CREATIVE COMMONS PUBLIC LICENSE ("CCPL" OR "LICENSE"). THE WORK IS PROTECTED BY COPYRIGHT AND/OR OTHER APPLICABLE LAW. ANY USE OF THE WORK OTHER THAN AS AUTHORIZED UNDER THIS LICENSE OR COPYRIGHT LAW IS PROHIBITED.<br />
<br />
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<br />
1. Definitions<br />
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"Derivative Work" means a work based upon the Work or upon the Work and other pre-existing works, such as a translation, musical arrangement, dramatization, fictionalization, motion picture version, sound recording, art reproduction, abridgment, condensation, or any other form in which the Work may be recast, transformed, or adapted, except that a work that constitutes a Collective Work will not be considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License. For the avoidance of doubt, where the Work is a musical composition or sound recording, the synchronization of the Work in timed-relation with a moving image ("synching") will be considered a Derivative Work for the purpose of this License.<br />
"Licensor" means the individual or entity that offers the Work under the terms of this License.<br />
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"You" means an individual or entity exercising rights under this License who has not previously violated the terms of this License with respect to the Work, or who has received express permission from the Licensor to exercise rights under this License despite a previous violation.<br />
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to distribute copies or phonorecords of, display publicly, perform publicly, and perform publicly by means of a digital audio transmission Derivative Works.<br />
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Performance Royalties Under Blanket Licenses. Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a performance rights society (e.g. ASCAP, BMI, SESAC), royalties for the public performance or public digital performance (e.g. webcast) of the Work.<br />
Mechanical Rights and Statutory Royalties. Licensor waives the exclusive right to collect, whether individually or via a music rights agency or designated agent (e.g. Harry Fox Agency), royalties for any phonorecord You create from the Work ("cover version") and distribute, subject to the compulsory license created by 17 USC Section 115 of the US Copyright Act (or the equivalent in other jurisdictions).<br />
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The above rights may be exercised in all media and formats whether now known or hereafter devised. The above rights include the right to make such modifications as are technically necessary to exercise the rights in other media and formats. All rights not expressly granted by Licensor are hereby reserved.<br />
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4. Restrictions.The license granted in Section 3 above is expressly made subject to and limited by the following restrictions:<br />
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You may distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work only under the terms of this License, and You must include a copy of, or the Uniform Resource Identifier for, this License with every copy or phonorecord of the Work You distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform. You may not offer or impose any terms on the Work that alter or restrict the terms of this License or the recipients' exercise of the rights granted hereunder. You may not sublicense the Work. You must keep intact all notices that refer to this License and to the disclaimer of warranties. You may not distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work with any technological measures that control access or use of the Work in a manner inconsistent with the terms of this License Agreement. The above applies to the Work as incorporated in a Collective Work, but this does not require the Collective Work apart from the Work itself to be made subject to the terms of this License. If You create a Collective Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Collective Work any credit as required by clause 4(b), as requested. If You create a Derivative Work, upon notice from any Licensor You must, to the extent practicable, remove from the Derivative Work any credit as required by clause 4(b), as requested.<br />
If you distribute, publicly display, publicly perform, or publicly digitally perform the Work or any Derivative Works or Collective Works, You must keep intact all copyright notices for the Work and provide, reasonable to the medium or means You are utilizing: (i) the name of the Original Author (or pseudonym, if applicable) if supplied, and/or (ii) if the Original Author and/or Licensor designate another party or parties (e.g. a sponsor institute, publishing entity, journal) for attribution in Licensor's copyright notice, terms of service or by other reasonable means, the name of such party or parties; the title of the Work if supplied; to the extent reasonably practicable ... \n<br />
<br />
== Starting A Slow Story Movement ==<br />
<br />
"It is said that we become the stories that we tell among ourselves. This might have been true before we became salespersons. For a few decades now, I think we have become numb to the stories that we tell among ourselves. So stories have become shorter and crisper to the length of a tweet. We are so committed to telling a story to the point that finally what remains is a dimensionless point. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Starting-A-Slow-Story-Movement-V4LmVD.html Starting A Slow Story Movement]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Student Goes From Homeless to Harvard ==<br />
<br />
Despite being abandoned to homelessness by her parents, Dawn Loggins worked as a high school custodian by day and studied hard by night to become the first person from her school to ever be admitted to Harvard.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Student-Goes-From-Homeless-to-Harvard-QX9Vg4.html Student Goes From Homeless to Harvard]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 11 Things You Should Start Doing for Yourself Today ==<br />
<br />
Enjoy everything that happens in your life, but never make your happiness or success dependent on an attachment to any person, place or thing. Wayne DyerYou deserve to live a more balanced, harmonious and happier life, starting today and starting now. Today, not tomorrow, nor the day after tomorrow is where your life is, where your life starts. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/11-Things-You-Should-Start-Doing-for-Yourself-Today-e883xI.html 11 Things You Should Start Doing for Yourself Today]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 12 Lessons To Learn From Highly Successful People ==<br />
<br />
The only work that will ultimately bring any good to any of us is the work of contributing to the healing of the world. Marianne WilliamsonSuccess can mean different things to different people, and I noticed that many of us have some kind of resistance to the word success, even though deep down inside, that is exactly what we all want, to live a successful and meaningful life.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/12-Lessons-To-Learn-From-Highly-Successful-People-sn25rw.html 12 Lessons To Learn From Highly Successful People]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== World Book Night: Millions of Free Books Donated ==<br />
<br />
A young woman is jumping up and down in front of the New York Public Library wearing a sandwich sign that says, "Hate Reading? Talk To Me!" Shes waving around several copies of "The Glass Castle" by Jeannette Walls, eager to get them off her hands.Men and women in suits breeze by, but some passersby are curious about the spectacle. If you were roaming the streets of New York City or London last night you may have encountered a similar scene: Zealous readers handing out award-winning novels by the boxful.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/World-Book-Night-Millions-of-Free-Books-Donated-J7S8iH.html World Book Night: Millions of Free Books Donated]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BzcatBzcat2012-08-24T10:36:52Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>see [[cat]].<br />
<br />
[[Category:System Commands]]<br />
<br />
== The Secret to Success Kindness ==<br />
<br />
Take a look at these simple but powerful words from the Dalai Lama, Kindness and a good heart are the foundation for success in this life, progress on the spiritual path, and the fulfillment of our aspirations. Our need for them is not limited to any specific time, place, society, or culture. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Secret-to-Success-Kindness-qClIIA.html The Secret to Success Kindness]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Reasons Why Meditation Beats an iPhone ==<br />
<br />
People buy iPhones to be universally connected and have a ton of cool functions and features at their fingertips. But as the wise monk Rev. Heng Sure once said, everything we create in silicon already exists in carbon. Id add that the silicon technology is a poor facsimile at best. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Reasons-Why-Meditation-Beats-an-iPhone-piD3rp.html 5 Reasons Why Meditation Beats an iPhone]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Art of Motivating Employees ==<br />
<br />
Could a simple five-minute interaction with another person dramatically increase your weekly productivity?In some employment environments, the answer is yes, according to Wharton management professor Adam Grant. Grant has devoted significant chunks of his professional career to examining what motivates workers in settings that range from call centers and mail-order pharmacies to swimming pool lifeguard squads.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Art-of-Motivating-Employees-oTveQ5.html The Art of Motivating Employees]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Reasons Why Meditation Beats an iPhone ==<br />
<br />
People buy iPhones to be universally connected and have a ton of cool functions and features at their fingertips. But as the wise monk Rev. Heng Sure once said, everything we create in silicon already exists in carbon. Id add that the silicon technology is a poor facsimile at best. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Reasons-Why-Meditation-Beats-an-iPhone-piD3rp.html 5 Reasons Why Meditation Beats an iPhone]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Food People Power ==<br />
<br />
For many years, people living in West Oakland had accepted eating unhealthy food as a way of life. That is, until a small group of people decided to change their community through Mandela MarketPlace, a non-profit that partners with local residents and rural, minority farmers to bring fresh agricultural produce to their local corner stores. Mandela MarketPlace now represents the difference that youth can make by challenging prevailing paradigms - you CAN select what you put in your body.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Food-People-Power-NPElli.html Food People Power]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BurncdBurncd2012-08-24T10:36:46Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
NOTE: In Release 9.0 and newer the burncd utility is obsolete and does not function any more. You have to use cdrtools system utilites for writing cd and dvd media.<br><br />
<br><br />
pkg_add -r cdrtools<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:FreeBSD for Workstations]]<br />
[[Category:Common Tasks]]<br />
<br />
== An Incredible Graduation Gift from Dad ==<br />
<br />
Brenna Martins dad evidently doesnt like last-minute shopping. Bryan Martin a purchased a gift for his daughters high school graduation -- which happened earlier this month -- thirteen years ago. He managed to keep it hidden this whole time, and his "moving, touching, nostalgic, and thoughtful" present (her words) brought Brenna to tears when dad finally gave it to her last week.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/An-Incredible-Graduation-Gift-from-Dad-R2viuk.html An Incredible Graduation Gift from Dad]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Man Climbs Worlds 14 Tallest Peaks ==<br />
<br />
Hirotaka Takeuchi has gotten official certification for his feat of climbing the worlds 14 tallest mountains. Hes the 30th person ever and the first Japanese person to accomplish the feat.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Man-Climbs-Worlds-14-Tallest-Peaks-f1nJlP.html Man Climbs Worlds 14 Tallest Peaks]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Not Your Usual Panhandler ==<br />
<br />
Doug Eaton wanted to celebrate his birthday on June 11 in a big way, so he turned to his friends for ideas -- ended up marking the day with random acts of kindness, including handing out free money to people passing by. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Not-Your-Usual-Panhandler-6kQtGi.html Not Your Usual Panhandler]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Guerilla Gardener Plants Joy in Potholes ==<br />
<br />
Theyre the bane of cyclists and motorists alike, but one urban gardener has grown a fondness for potholes after deciding to spruce up cities around Europe by filling them up with miniature flower arrangements. Australian Steve Wheen, 34, who lives in London, has been using flowers and small-scale objects to transform urban potholes for the last three years. The self-styled guerrilla gardener has created mini gardens all around his home city but has now decided to bring joy to commuters across Europe with his unusual pothole creations.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Guerilla-Gardener-Plants-Joy-in-Potholes-CnUGQR.html Guerilla Gardener Plants Joy in Potholes]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Principles for Inner Transformation at Work ==<br />
<br />
People go to work to sustain themselves and produce value in the world. Yet work environments can also be stressful, filled with challenging responsibilities and personalities, and feel misaligned with our most deeply cherished values. Instead of sustaining us, the workplace can sometimes feel simply draining, and at worst, unwholesome for both ourselves and the world.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Principles-for-Inner-Transformation-at-Work-TTklKV.html 5 Principles for Inner Transformation at Work]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Block_repeated_illegal_or_failed_SSH_loginsBlock repeated illegal or failed SSH logins2012-08-24T10:36:24Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>==Introduction==<br />
We're starting to see a rash of password guessing attacks via [[SSH]] on exposed [[BSD]] servers which are running the SSH [[daemon]]. These login attempts are coming from multiple addresses, which makes some people suspect that they're being carried out by a network of "bots" rather than a single attacker.<br />
<br />
==Limiting SSH login sessions==<br />
In your [[sshd_config]] file the following settings can also help slow down such attacks.<br />
<br />
* LoginGraceTime<br />
::The server disconnects after this time if the user has not successfully logged in. If the value is 0, there is no time limit. The default is 120 seconds.<br />
<br />
* MaxStartups<br />
::Specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to the sshd daemon. Additional connections will be dropped until authentication succeeds or the LoginGraceTime expires for a connection. The default is 10. Alternatively, random early drop can be enabled by specifying the three colon separated values "start:rate:full" (e.g.,"10:30:60"). sshd will refuse connection attempts with a probability of "rate/100" (30%) if there are currently "start" (10) unauthenticated connections. The probability increases linearly and all connection attempts are refused if the number of unauthenticated connections reaches "full" (60).<br />
<br />
==Firewall repeated illegal or failed SSH logins attempts==<br />
To firewall failed login attempts, a simple script that will scan the log file for illegal or failed attempts and firewall repeated IP's will do the trick. It will slow down and stop a brute force dictionary login attack.<br />
<br />
Using the examples below you can create a file called sshd-fwscan.sh, then use [[cron]] to run the file every ''x'' minutes and it will automatically firewall the IP once it detects 5 or more failed login attempts.<br />
<br />
===/etc/syslog.conf===<br />
You need an ''auth.*'' line in your [[syslog.conf]] file in order to log all authentications.<br />
auth.* /var/log/auth.log<br />
<br />
===Using IPFW===<br />
====sshd-fwscan.sh====<br />
<br />
#!/bin/sh<br />
if ipfw show | awk '{print $1}' | grep -q 20000 ; then<br />
ipfw delete 20000<br />
fi<br />
# This catches repeated attempts for both legal and illegal users<br />
# No check for duplicate entries is performed, since the rule<br />
# has been deleted.<br />
awk '/sshd/ && (/Invalid user/ || /authentication error/) {try[$(NF)]++}<br />
END {for (h in try) if (try[h] > 5) print h}' /var/log/auth.log |<br />
while read ip<br />
do<br />
ipfw -q add 20000 deny tcp from $ip to any in<br />
done<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' To make sure IP's expire we delete and add rule ''20000'' of the firewall each time, thus if the IP's are no longer ''duplicates'' in the auth.log they are no longer firewalled.<br />
<br />
===Using IPF===<br />
====sshd-fwscan.sh====<br />
<br />
#!/bin/sh<br />
IFS='<br />
'<br />
for rules in `ipfstat -i | grep "group 20000"` ; do<br />
echo "$rules" | ipf -r -f -<br />
done<br />
for ips in `cat /var/log/auth.log | grep sshd | grep "Illegal" | awk '{print $10}' | uniq -d` ; do<br />
echo "block in quick from $ips to any group 20000" | ipf -f -<br />
done<br />
cat /var/log/auth.log | grep sshd | grep "Failed" | rev | cut -d\ -f 4 | rev | sort | uniq -c | \<br />
( while read num ips; do<br />
if [ $num -gt 5 ]; then<br />
if ! ipfstat -i | grep $ips ; then<br />
echo "block in quick from $ips to any group 20000" | ipf -f -<br />
fi<br />
fi<br />
done<br />
)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' <br />
To make sure IP's expire we delete and add group ''20000'' of the firewall each time, <br />
thus if the IP's are no longer ''duplicates'' in the auth.log they are no longer firewalled. <br />
You will need to add a rule like "block in on rl0 from any to any head 20000" to your ipf rule <br />
set (BEFORE your actual blocking group of rules) for this to work.<br />
<br />
===Using PF===<br />
====sshd-fwscan.sh====<br />
<br />
#!/bin/sh<br />
/sbin/pfctl -t ssh-violations -T flush<br />
for ips in `cat /var/log/auth.log | grep sshd | grep -i "illegal" | awk '{print $10}' | uniq -d` ; do<br />
/sbin/pfctl -t ssh-violations -T add $ips <br />
done<br />
cat /var/log/auth.log | grep sshd | grep -i "failed" | rev | cut -d\ -f 4 | rev | sort | uniq -c | \<br />
( while read num ips; do<br />
if [ $num -gt 5 ]; then<br />
if ! /sbin/pfctl -s rules | grep -q $ips ; then<br />
/sbin/pfctl -t ssh-violations -T add $ips <br />
fi<br />
fi<br />
done<br />
)<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' To make sure IP's expire we delete and add a table called ''ssh-violations'', thus if the IP's are no longer ''duplicates'' in the auth.log they are no longer firewalled.<br />
<br />
====/etc/pf.conf====<br />
table <ssh-violations> persist file "/etc/ssh-violations"<br />
...<br />
block drop in from <ssh-violations> to any<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' <br />
When using the [[OpenBSD]] [[Packet Filter]] (PF) you must also edit your <code>pf.conf</code><br />
file to add the above table and rule.<br />
<br />
'''Important:''' <br />
If this rule is added before a "pass in" rule for port 22, use the "quick" option to ensure that<br />
[[OpenBSD]] [[Packet Filter]] (PF) drops the packet immediately, without further inspection of the<br />
ruleset. See the <code>man 5 pf.conf</code> for details.<br />
<br />
===Copyrights===<br />
sshd-fwscan.sh<br />
# Copyright (c) 2004,2005 RPTN.Net,<br />
# Copyright (c) 2005 DaveG.ca, <br />
# Copyright (c) 2006 Bob (kba at ats32.ru)<br />
# You may use this code under the GPL, version 2 or newer.<br />
# Updates for IPF by Sasha.by<br />
<br />
===Automatically firewall IP's===<br />
<br />
====/etc/crontab====<br />
In order to have the script run every 10 minutes and firewall offenders you can use something like this in your [[crontab]] file:<br />
*/10 * * * * root /operator/sshd-fwscan.sh<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' Some users might prefer a [[tail]]ing method rather then a scanning/searching method, but all we really want is to slow down such attacks to reduce their chances of cracking a user account and not waste our resources. The odds that a password gets cracked under 10 minutes should be rare. (The longer the password is, mixed with letters numbers and symbols, the longer it takes to crack.)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://danger.rulez.sk/projects/bruteforceblocker/ BruteForceBlocker] is a script, that works along with pf - OpenBSD's firewall.<br />
* [http://denyhosts.sourceforge.net/ DenyHosts] a similar tool (available in security/denyhosts in ports)<br />
* [http://fail2ban.sourceforge.net/ fail2ban] a similar tool<br />
* [http://www.aczoom.com/cms/blockhosts/ blockhosts] a similar tool<br />
* [http://blinkeye.ch/mediawiki/index.php/SSH_Blocking blacklist] a similar tool<br />
* [http://sshguard.sourceforge.net sshguard] similar tool<br />
<br />
[[Category:Securing FreeBSD]]<br />
<br />
== Student Goes From Homeless to Harvard ==<br />
<br />
Despite being abandoned to homelessness by her parents, Dawn Loggins worked as a high school custodian by day and studied hard by night to become the first person from her school to ever be admitted to Harvard.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Student-Goes-From-Homeless-to-Harvard-QX9Vg4.html Student Goes From Homeless to Harvard]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Power of Words and Emotional Bonding! ==<br />
<br />
If you become steadfast in your abstentions of thoughts of harm directed toward others, all living creatures will cease to feel enmity in your presence. PatanjaliWords have power, incredible power, and this power lies in each and every one of us. Of course, its up to us to use this power for the greater good of all or not.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Power-of-Words-and-Emotional-Bonding-2wgncv.html The Power of Words and Emotional Bonding!]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Cat Saves Owner Hours After Adoption ==<br />
<br />
A newly-adopted cat repaid his owners loving gesture earlier this month by saving her from a medical emergency just hours after he was brought home, the Green Bay Press Gazette reports.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Cat-Saves-Owner-Hours-After-Adoption-ixHpp7.html Cat Saves Owner Hours After Adoption]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Journey to the End of the Earth ==<br />
<br />
I realized quickly, after just having traveled to various villages in rural India, that distance is relative. Hailing from a city like San Francisco, going even a few hours outside of town is far but twelve hours outside of a major city? I half expected to run into another country.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Journey-to-the-End-of-the-Earth-tbNql3.html Journey to the End of the Earth]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Disney Brings "Cars" To Life With Cars Land ==<br />
<br />
After five years in the making, Disney California Adventure is finally ready to rev up the engines on Cars Land. Disneys latest creation, based on the hit Pixar movie, brings the popular characters to life at Disney California Adventure.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Disney-Brings-Cars-To-Life-With-Cars-Land-YfdwZj.html Disney Brings "Cars" To Life With Cars Land]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BIND_(securing)BIND (securing)2012-08-24T10:35:53Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== Awakening Our Collaborative Spirit ==<br />
<br />
The physicist, David Bohm, while researching the lives of Einstein, Heisenberg, Pauli and Bohr, made a remarkable observation. Bohm noticed that their incredible breakthroughs took place through simple, open and honest conversation. He observed, for instance, that Einstein and his colleagues spent years freely meeting and conversing with each other.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Awakening-Our-Collaborative-Spirit-AjXaD8.html Awakening Our Collaborative Spirit]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Seeking Silence & Stillness in the Rush of Business Life ==<br />
<br />
Pico Iyer -- essayist, author, travel writer and thinker -- has a unique perspective on many things. His physical domain ranges from California (where he lived as a child) and England (where he studied) to Cuba, North Korea and Ethiopia (which he visited) and Japan (where he resides). His mental domain knows no limiting boundaries. In this interview with Wharton associate dean and chief information officer Deirdre Woods and Knowledge@Wharton<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Seeking-Silence-Stillness-in-the-Rush-of-Business-Life-LCK85X.html Seeking Silence & Stillness in the Rush of Business Life]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Meeting Michael ==<br />
<br />
I was sitting at my desk today, looking out the window. I saw an old homeless man crossing the street, carrying a suitcase. I remembered the many times I had looked on from afar, feeling sorry for the homeless but doing nothing. I do give money to homeless people when I walk by, but never really interact with them, beside a smile. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Meeting-Michael-YCkylF.html Meeting Michael]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Little Things You Can Do to Make the World a Lot Nicer ==<br />
<br />
A few years ago, Debbie Tenzer was feeling overwhelmed by all the crises in the news. But rather than give in to despair, she thought, Maybe I cant solve our big problems, but I know I can do something.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Little-Things-You-Can-Do-to-Make-the-World-a-Lot-Nicer-PxxL5F.html Little Things You Can Do to Make the World a Lot Nicer]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 6 Steps Towards Living a Life Free of Fear and Full of Hope ==<br />
<br />
There are two basic motivating forces: fear and love. When we are afraid, we pull back from life. When we are in love, we open to all that life has to offer with passion, excitement, and acceptance. We need to learn to love ourselves first, in all our glory and our imperfections. If we cannot love ourselves, we cannot fully open our ability to love others or our potential to create. Evolution and all hopes for a better world rest in the fearlessness and open-hearted vision of people who embrace life. ~ John Lennon<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/6-Steps-Towards-Living-a-Life-Free-of-Fear-and-Full-of-Hope-dnAp.html 6 Steps Towards Living a Life Free of Fear and Full of Hope]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/.xinitrc.xinitrc2012-08-24T10:31:19Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>This configuration file, which should reside in your home directory, tells [[startx]] what to run aside from starting the X server and client -- e.g., a desktop environment like [[KDE]], [[gnome]], [[xfce]], etc.<br />
<br />
If you want to start KDE, you'll have to put this line in it:<br />
exec startkde<br />
<br />
If you want to start XFCE, you'll have to put this line in it:<br />
exec startxfce<br />
<br />
If you want to start Gnome, the line is:<br />
exec gnome-session<br />
<br />
If your [[.xinitrc]] has one of these lines in it, it will execute the Desktop Environment when you run [[startx]]. Otherwise you'll have to run startx and feed it the Desktop Environment as an argument or run the desktop init script manually. <br />
<br />
Another approach is to alias the desktop script to another command in your shell profile; such as placing <br />
alias gui='startxfce' <br />
in your .bash_profile will let you start XFCE by typing in "gui" from the CLI.<br />
<br />
[[Category: FreeBSD for Workstations]]<br />
<br />
== 15 Life Changing Lessons to Learn from Wayne Dyer ==<br />
<br />
Some of the most powerful and life changing lessons I have learned so far came from this great man, Wayne Dyer and today I would like to share with you some of these lessons. The lessons are in no particular order as all of them are equally important.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/15-Life-Changing-Lessons-to-Learn-from-Wayne-Dyer-rnH16X.html 15 Life Changing Lessons to Learn from Wayne Dyer]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Savior At the Grocery Store ==<br />
<br />
Numbly, I left my husband, Marty, at the hospital where I had been visiting two of my children and headed for the grocery store. Since it was eleven p.m., I drove to the only store I knew was open twenty-four hours a day. I turned my car motor off and rested my head against the seat.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Savior-At-the-Grocery-Store-XTmcwi.html A Savior At the Grocery Store]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Worth Our Weight: The Taste of Compassion ==<br />
<br />
Its a sunny Saturday morning, and my wife and I turn into a residential neighborhood of Santa Rosa, California the only sign of commerce is a beleaguered shopping mall a few hundred feet away. I glance down at my GPS to make sure this is where we want to be and in doing so I almost pass my destination. There it is tucked away to the left, sandwiched between two homes: Worth our Weight (W.O.W)<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Worth-Our-Weight-The-Taste-of-Compassion-qYcZwK.html Worth Our Weight: The Taste of Compassion]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Paths Are Made By Walking ==<br />
<br />
2012s Baccalaureate speaker at the University of Pennsylvania was an unconventional choice for an Ivy League school. To address their newly-minted graduates, aspiring to dazzling careers, they picked a man who has never in his adult life, applied for a job. A man who hasnt worked for pay in nearly a decade, and whose self-stated mission is simply "to bring smiles to the world and stillness to my heart". <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Paths-Are-Made-By-Walking-CMdEh4.html Paths Are Made By Walking]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Cat Saves Owner Hours After Adoption ==<br />
<br />
A newly-adopted cat repaid his owners loving gesture earlier this month by saving her from a medical emergency just hours after he was brought home, the Green Bay Press Gazette reports.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Cat-Saves-Owner-Hours-After-Adoption-ixHpp7.html Cat Saves Owner Hours After Adoption]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/.profile.profile2012-08-24T10:31:12Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>the configuration file (located in your home directory) that tells your shell how to behave; .profile will work for almost all shells. For more advanced shells (i.e., anything that's not the [[Bourne Shell]],) it's usually set to redirect to the proper shell's .profile.<br />
<br />
see also .[[shell]]_profile (e.g., .bash_profile)<br />
<br />
an example of .bash_profile:<br />
dave@samizdata:~% more .bash_profile<br />
# ~/.bash_profile: executed by bash(1) for login shells.<br />
# see /usr/share/doc/bash/examples/startup-files for examples.<br />
# the files are located in the bash-doc package. <br />
# the default umask is set in /etc/login.defs<br />
#umask 022 <br />
# the rest of this file is commented out. <br />
# include .bashrc if it exists<br />
if [ -f ~/.bashrc ]; then<br />
. ~/.bashrc<br />
fi <br />
# set PATH so it includes user's private bin if it exists<br />
if [ -d ~/bin ] ; then<br />
PATH=~/bin:"${PATH}"<br />
fi<br />
# do the same with MANPATH<br />
#if [ -d ~/man ]; then<br />
# MANPATH=~/man:"${MANPATH}"<br />
# export MANPATH<br />
#fi<br />
<br />
[[Category:Important Config Files]]<br />
<br />
== The Business 9 Women Kept A Secret For Three Decades ==<br />
<br />
Somewhere in West Tennessee, not far from Graceland, nine women -- or "The 9 Nanas," as they prefer to be called -- gather in the darkness of night. At 4am they begin their daily routine -- a ritual that no one, not even their husbands, knew about for 30 years. They have one mission and one mission only: to create happiness. And it all begins with baked goods.One of us starts sifting the flour and another washing the eggs, <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Business-9-Women-Kept-A-Secret-For-Three-Decades-hOoGN8.html The Business 9 Women Kept A Secret For Three Decades]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Top Five Regrets of the Dying ==<br />
<br />
For many years I worked in palliative care. My patients were those who had gone home to die. Some incredibly special times were shared. I was with them for the last three to twelve weeks of their lives.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Top-Five-Regrets-of-the-Dying-3L0XOd.html Top Five Regrets of the Dying]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Secret to Success Kindness ==<br />
<br />
Take a look at these simple but powerful words from the Dalai Lama, Kindness and a good heart are the foundation for success in this life, progress on the spiritual path, and the fulfillment of our aspirations. Our need for them is not limited to any specific time, place, society, or culture. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Secret-to-Success-Kindness-qClIIA.html The Secret to Success Kindness]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 15 Life Changing Lessons to Learn from Wayne Dyer ==<br />
<br />
Some of the most powerful and life changing lessons I have learned so far came from this great man, Wayne Dyer and today I would like to share with you some of these lessons. The lessons are in no particular order as all of them are equally important.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/15-Life-Changing-Lessons-to-Learn-from-Wayne-Dyer-rnH16X.html 15 Life Changing Lessons to Learn from Wayne Dyer]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Seeking Silence & Stillness in the Rush of Business Life ==<br />
<br />
Pico Iyer -- essayist, author, travel writer and thinker -- has a unique perspective on many things. His physical domain ranges from California (where he lived as a child) and England (where he studied) to Cuba, North Korea and Ethiopia (which he visited) and Japan (where he resides). His mental domain knows no limiting boundaries. In this interview with Wharton associate dean and chief information officer Deirdre Woods and Knowledge@Wharton<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Seeking-Silence-Stillness-in-the-Rush-of-Business-Life-LCK85X.html Seeking Silence & Stillness in the Rush of Business Life]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Bourne_shellBourne shell2012-08-16T23:22:28Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>/bin/sh is where you will find the ubiquitous and somewhat spartan Bourne shell, written by Steven Bourne.<br />
<br />
Most shell scripts call on the '''sh''' shell because of its very ubiquity. It's been around since the 70's and it's not going to go away anytime soon. This makes shell scripts that use the bourne shell very portable -- '''sh''' will very likely be on literally every unixlike machine you ever encounter, but if you code a shell script that uses special features specific to other shells, you'll soon enough find a system that doesn't have them. ([[User:Jimbo|Jimbo]] recommends the following: "If it's an incredibly simple task, write a shell script in '''sh'''. If it's not, forget the shell scripting and write a [[perl]] script instead." Ancient Unix wisdom says that if you can't do it in sh, do it in C.)<br />
<br />
[[Category: Shells]]<br />
<br />
== Little Things You Can Do to Make the World a Lot Nicer ==<br />
<br />
A few years ago, Debbie Tenzer was feeling overwhelmed by all the crises in the news. But rather than give in to despair, she thought, Maybe I cant solve our big problems, but I know I can do something.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Little-Things-You-Can-Do-to-Make-the-World-a-Lot-Nicer-PxxL5F.html Little Things You Can Do to Make the World a Lot Nicer]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Solar Device Brings Natural Light to Workers ==<br />
<br />
Fluorescent lights are often seen as the brunt of an artificial working environment, but office workers around the world could soon have sunnier dispositions.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Solar-Device-Brings-Natural-Light-to-Workers-sz7hN4.html Solar Device Brings Natural Light to Workers]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 9 Reasons Why You Should No Longer Care About Peoples Approval ==<br />
<br />
A truly strong person does not need the approval of others any more than a lion needs the approval of sheep. Vernon HowardApproval Seeking Behavior If you ask me, this is where many of our challenges start. When you are too concerned with what other people think of you, you start sabotaging your life, and you start moving forward but with the breaks on.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/9-Reasons-Why-You-Should-No-Longer-Care-About-Peoples-Approv-oy6.html 9 Reasons Why You Should No Longer Care About Peoples Approval]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Mr. Happy Man ==<br />
<br />
For six hours each day, Bermudas Johnny Barnes stands at a busy traffic intersection telling all who pass that he loves them. His delight and sincerity are infectious, and the people of the island love him back. His service is a simple reminder of the power of happiness and loving-kindness to change any day for the better<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Mr-Happy-Man-VDrbVr.html Mr. Happy Man]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== White dress, green wedding ==<br />
<br />
Lindsey Gehl and Ryan Bell have a vision of their June wedding being white - and green, too.The 27-year-olds will pledge their troth in a traditional ceremony, followed by a reception amid the scenic trails and wildlife habitats of the Pilcher Park Nature Center in Joliet, Illinois, to which theyre donating $600.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/White-dress-green-wedding-G3Qc3u.html White dress, green wedding]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Bourne_ShellBourne Shell2012-08-16T23:22:19Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Bourne shell]]<br />
<br />
== The Opposite Of Poverty Is Justice ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Opposite-Of-Poverty-Is-Justice-oqL04K.html The Opposite Of Poverty Is Justice]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Behind the Beautiful Forevers ==<br />
<br />
For two decades, and currently at The New Yorker, youve written about the distribution of opportunity, and the means by which people might get out of poverty, in America. What inspired you to start asking the same kinds of questions in India?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Behind-the-Beautiful-Forevers-YtCKM3.html Behind the Beautiful Forevers]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== How To Make Peace With Imperfection ==<br />
<br />
If you look closely at a tree youll notice its knots and dead branches, just like our bodies. What we learn is that beauty and imperfection go together wonderfully. Matthew Fox<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/How-To-Make-Peace-With-Imperfection-AOuD91.html How To Make Peace With Imperfection]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Not Your Usual Panhandler ==<br />
<br />
Doug Eaton wanted to celebrate his birthday on June 11 in a big way, so he turned to his friends for ideas -- ended up marking the day with random acts of kindness, including handing out free money to people passing by. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Not-Your-Usual-Panhandler-6kQtGi.html Not Your Usual Panhandler]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Champ Helps Injured Competitor Across Finish Line ==<br />
<br />
Sometimes, a simple gesture can take on a much greater meaning. During an Ohio track meet, Meghan Vogel sacrificed her own position to help Arden McMath, a fellow runner who fell down finish the race.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Champ-Helps-Injured-Competitor-Across-Finish-Line-zzvVfj.html Champ Helps Injured Competitor Across Finish Line]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Boot_ManagerBoot Manager2012-08-16T23:22:10Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>FreeBSD has a built in boot manager which can be installed at the time of system installation, to allow the user to select from multiple operating systems installed on various hard drives or partitions. It's pretty basic, just presenting the user with a (default ten second) chance to press F1 for selection 1, etc.<br />
<br />
If you did not install the boot manager when you installed the OS, and you want it now, you can either use the [[boot0cfg]] utility to install it from the command line, or you can use the sysinstall method. If you did install the boot manager, but now you want to get ''rid'' of it, you'll need to use the sysinstall method no matter what.<br />
<br />
In order to change boot managers with sysinstall, you'll need the boot CD for the OS - sysinstall can't write to the MBR of the active drive! Boot from the install CD, and when you get to the sysinstall main menu, select Index --> Fdisk. Just hit "W" here for "Write Changes" - and don't panic, you haven't '''made''' any changes here, so we aren't clobbering your drive. After confirming that yes, you do wish to write your changes, you are then given the option to select the freebsd boot manager or no boot manager at all. Pick whichever you like, the MBR will be re-written, and you're done!<br />
<br />
[[Category:Common Tasks]]<br />
<br />
== 12 Lessons To Learn From Highly Successful People ==<br />
<br />
The only work that will ultimately bring any good to any of us is the work of contributing to the healing of the world. Marianne WilliamsonSuccess can mean different things to different people, and I noticed that many of us have some kind of resistance to the word success, even though deep down inside, that is exactly what we all want, to live a successful and meaningful life.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/12-Lessons-To-Learn-From-Highly-Successful-People-sn25rw.html 12 Lessons To Learn From Highly Successful People]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 7 Ways to Deal With the Death of a Loved One ==<br />
<br />
How do you deal with death, the loss of a loved one when the pain is so strong; how can you let go of the people you once loved and still love so much; how can you accept the fact that you will never see those people ever again? How can you accept the idea of loss, of death?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/7-Ways-to-Deal-With-the-Death-of-a-Loved-One-K7YCOr.html 7 Ways to Deal With the Death of a Loved One]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Savior At the Grocery Store ==<br />
<br />
Numbly, I left my husband, Marty, at the hospital where I had been visiting two of my children and headed for the grocery store. Since it was eleven p.m., I drove to the only store I knew was open twenty-four hours a day. I turned my car motor off and rested my head against the seat.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Savior-At-the-Grocery-Store-XTmcwi.html A Savior At the Grocery Store]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== What Is Your Legacy? Living A Meaningful life ==<br />
<br />
I want the world to be better because I was here. I want my life, I want my work, my family, I want it to mean something and if you are not making someone elses life better then you are wasting your time Will Smith<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/What-Is-Your-Legacy-Living-A-Meaningful-life-oBtnrB.html What Is Your Legacy? Living A Meaningful life]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Googles Jolly Good Fellow on Inner Peace ==<br />
<br />
Chade-Meng Tan (widely known as Meng) was among the earliest engineers to be hired at Google. When Google allowed engineers to spend 20% of their time pursuing their passion, Meng decided to spend his time on a cause dear to his heart: Launching a conspiracy to bring about world peace. Meng believes that world peace can be achieved -- but only if people cultivate the conditions for inner peace within themselves. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Googles-Jolly-Good-Fellow-on-Inner-Peace-xfIvQS.html Googles Jolly Good Fellow on Inner Peace]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Block_repeated_illegal_or_failed_SSH_loginsBlock repeated illegal or failed SSH logins2012-08-16T23:22:02Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>==Introduction==<br />
We're starting to see a rash of password guessing attacks via [[SSH]] on exposed [[BSD]] servers which are running the SSH [[daemon]]. These login attempts are coming from multiple addresses, which makes some people suspect that they're being carried out by a network of "bots" rather than a single attacker.<br />
<br />
==Limiting SSH login sessions==<br />
In your [[sshd_config]] file the following settings can also help slow down such attacks.<br />
<br />
* LoginGraceTime<br />
::The server disconnects after this time if the user has not successfully logged in. If the value is 0, there is no time limit. The default is 120 seconds.<br />
<br />
* MaxStartups<br />
::Specifies the maximum number of concurrent unauthenticated connections to the sshd daemon. Additional connections will be dropped until authentication succeeds or the LoginGraceTime expires for a connection. The default is 10. Alternatively, random early drop can be enabled by specifying the three colon separated values "start:rate:full" (e.g.,"10:30:60"). sshd will refuse connection attempts with a probability of "rate/100" (30%) if there are currently "start" (10) unauthenticated connections. The probability increases linearly and all connection attempts are refused if the number of unauthenticated connections reaches "full" (60).<br />
<br />
==Firewall repeated illegal or failed SSH logins attempts==<br />
To firewall failed login attempts, a simple script that will scan the log file for illegal or failed attempts and firewall repeated IP's will do the trick. It will slow down and stop a brute force dictionary login attack.<br />
<br />
Using the examples below you can create a file called sshd-fwscan.sh, then use [[cron]] to run the file every ''x'' minutes and it will automatically firewall the IP once it detects 5 or more failed login attempts.<br />
<br />
===/etc/syslog.conf===<br />
You need an ''auth.*'' line in your [[syslog.conf]] file in order to log all authentications.<br />
auth.* /var/log/auth.log<br />
<br />
===Using IPFW===<br />
====sshd-fwscan.sh====<br />
<br />
#!/bin/sh<br />
if ipfw show | awk '{print $1}' | grep -q 20000 ; then<br />
ipfw delete 20000<br />
fi<br />
# This catches repeated attempts for both legal and illegal users<br />
# No check for duplicate entries is performed, since the rule<br />
# has been deleted.<br />
awk '/sshd/ && (/Invalid user/ || /authentication error/) {try[$(NF)]++}<br />
END {for (h in try) if (try[h] > 5) print h}' /var/log/auth.log |<br />
while read ip<br />
do<br />
ipfw -q add 20000 deny tcp from $ip to any in<br />
done<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' To make sure IP's expire we delete and add rule ''20000'' of the firewall each time, thus if the IP's are no longer ''duplicates'' in the auth.log they are no longer firewalled.<br />
<br />
===Using IPF===<br />
====sshd-fwscan.sh====<br />
<br />
#!/bin/sh<br />
IFS='<br />
'<br />
for rules in `ipfstat -i | grep "group 20000"` ; do<br />
echo "$rules" | ipf -r -f -<br />
done<br />
for ips in `cat /var/log/auth.log | grep sshd | grep "Illegal" | awk '{print $10}' | uniq -d` ; do<br />
echo "block in quick from $ips to any group 20000" | ipf -f -<br />
done<br />
cat /var/log/auth.log | grep sshd | grep "Failed" | rev | cut -d\ -f 4 | rev | sort | uniq -c | \<br />
( while read num ips; do<br />
if [ $num -gt 5 ]; then<br />
if ! ipfstat -i | grep $ips ; then<br />
echo "block in quick from $ips to any group 20000" | ipf -f -<br />
fi<br />
fi<br />
done<br />
)<br />
<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' <br />
To make sure IP's expire we delete and add group ''20000'' of the firewall each time, <br />
thus if the IP's are no longer ''duplicates'' in the auth.log they are no longer firewalled. <br />
You will need to add a rule like "block in on rl0 from any to any head 20000" to your ipf rule <br />
set (BEFORE your actual blocking group of rules) for this to work.<br />
<br />
===Using PF===<br />
====sshd-fwscan.sh====<br />
<br />
#!/bin/sh<br />
/sbin/pfctl -t ssh-violations -T flush<br />
for ips in `cat /var/log/auth.log | grep sshd | grep -i "illegal" | awk '{print $10}' | uniq -d` ; do<br />
/sbin/pfctl -t ssh-violations -T add $ips <br />
done<br />
cat /var/log/auth.log | grep sshd | grep -i "failed" | rev | cut -d\ -f 4 | rev | sort | uniq -c | \<br />
( while read num ips; do<br />
if [ $num -gt 5 ]; then<br />
if ! /sbin/pfctl -s rules | grep -q $ips ; then<br />
/sbin/pfctl -t ssh-violations -T add $ips <br />
fi<br />
fi<br />
done<br />
)<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' To make sure IP's expire we delete and add a table called ''ssh-violations'', thus if the IP's are no longer ''duplicates'' in the auth.log they are no longer firewalled.<br />
<br />
====/etc/pf.conf====<br />
table <ssh-violations> persist file "/etc/ssh-violations"<br />
...<br />
block drop in from <ssh-violations> to any<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' <br />
When using the [[OpenBSD]] [[Packet Filter]] (PF) you must also edit your <code>pf.conf</code><br />
file to add the above table and rule.<br />
<br />
'''Important:''' <br />
If this rule is added before a "pass in" rule for port 22, use the "quick" option to ensure that<br />
[[OpenBSD]] [[Packet Filter]] (PF) drops the packet immediately, without further inspection of the<br />
ruleset. See the <code>man 5 pf.conf</code> for details.<br />
<br />
===Copyrights===<br />
sshd-fwscan.sh<br />
# Copyright (c) 2004,2005 RPTN.Net,<br />
# Copyright (c) 2005 DaveG.ca, <br />
# Copyright (c) 2006 Bob (kba at ats32.ru)<br />
# You may use this code under the GPL, version 2 or newer.<br />
# Updates for IPF by Sasha.by<br />
<br />
===Automatically firewall IP's===<br />
<br />
====/etc/crontab====<br />
In order to have the script run every 10 minutes and firewall offenders you can use something like this in your [[crontab]] file:<br />
*/10 * * * * root /operator/sshd-fwscan.sh<br />
<br />
'''Note:''' Some users might prefer a [[tail]]ing method rather then a scanning/searching method, but all we really want is to slow down such attacks to reduce their chances of cracking a user account and not waste our resources. The odds that a password gets cracked under 10 minutes should be rare. (The longer the password is, mixed with letters numbers and symbols, the longer it takes to crack.)<br />
<br />
==External links==<br />
* [http://danger.rulez.sk/projects/bruteforceblocker/ BruteForceBlocker] is a script, that works along with pf - OpenBSD's firewall.<br />
* [http://denyhosts.sourceforge.net/ DenyHosts] a similar tool (available in security/denyhosts in ports)<br />
* [http://fail2ban.sourceforge.net/ fail2ban] a similar tool<br />
* [http://www.aczoom.com/cms/blockhosts/ blockhosts] a similar tool<br />
* [http://blinkeye.ch/mediawiki/index.php/SSH_Blocking blacklist] a similar tool<br />
* [http://sshguard.sourceforge.net sshguard] similar tool<br />
<br />
[[Category:Securing FreeBSD]]<br />
<br />
== Why Have Good When You Can Have Better? ==<br />
<br />
As I look back on my life, I realize that every time I thought I was being rejected from something good, I was actually being re-directed to something better. Steve Maraboli<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Why-Have-Good-When-You-Can-Have-Better-PdMtIo.html Why Have Good When You Can Have Better?]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 7 Essential Books on Optimism ==<br />
<br />
Every once in a while, we all get burned out. Sometimes, charred. And while a healthy dose of cynicism and skepticism may help us get by, its in those times that we need nothing more than to embrace lifes promise of positivity with open arms. Here are seven wonderful books that help do just that with an arsenal ranging from the light visceral stimulation of optimistic design to the serious neuroscience findings about our proclivity for the positive.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/7-Essential-Books-on-Optimism-6pgcLt.html 7 Essential Books on Optimism]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Easy Steps to Turn Your Life Into an Abundant Garden ==<br />
<br />
Dont judge each day by the harvest you reap but by the seeds that you plant. ~ Robert Lewis StevensonIt has been my experience that life is what you make of it. You can look at it many ways. It can be like a cup of coffee it is all in how you make it. I have decided to look at my life as a garden because your harvest all depends on what seeds you plant. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Easy-Steps-to-Turn-Your-Life-Into-an-Abundant-Garden-5eoXgS.html 5 Easy Steps to Turn Your Life Into an Abundant Garden]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Why You Should Always Trust Yourself ==<br />
<br />
Trust yourself. You know more than you think you do. Benjamin SpockAs time passes by and the more work you will do on discovering and improving yourself, the more you will realize that the ancient Latin quotation: Ne te quaesiveris extra - Do not look outside of yourself for the truth, is true.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Why-You-Should-Always-Trust-Yourself-TR2gYW.html Why You Should Always Trust Yourself]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Reuse of Wastewater May Improve Drinking Water Supply ==<br />
<br />
With recent advances in technology and design, treating municipal wastewater and reusing it for drinking water, irrigation, industry, and other applications could significantly increase the nations total available water resources, particularly in coastal areas facing water shortages, says a new report from the National Research Council.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Reuse-of-Wastewater-May-Improve-Drinking-Water-Supply-SD47qe.html Reuse of Wastewater May Improve Drinking Water Supply]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BloatedBloated2012-08-16T23:21:52Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>A term which refers to software that has gotten far bigger and bulkier than it needs to be; frequently as the result of so-called "gang bang coding" in which legions of coders work over the same application simultaneously and for extended periods of time. This leads to [[cruft]] such as gigantic libraries of which only a tiny fraction of the functions are actually used, but nobody's sure ''what'' is needed so the whole thing gets kept; or odd bugs that somebody wrote code to ''depend'' on rather than chasing them down and fixing them, so that if one thing gets fixed three more are likely to be broken in consequence.<br />
<br />
microshit gets a lot of (richly deserved) scorn for bloated code, but bloat is by no means unheard of outside the hallowed halls of Redmond: *nix's own ubiquitous [[sendmail]] is as blecherous, buggy, and hag-ridden as almost anything microshit has out there.<br />
<br />
[[Category:FreeBSD Terminology]]<br />
<br />
== The Importance of Imagination ==<br />
<br />
While growing up, Id never really considered how important it is to be imaginative. Its a childhood profession, you could say. It comes naturally. Then we hit an age when were presented with a scantron of bubble-in options, a template for a CV that we need to create, and Excel. At that point, our learning has to fit into certain parameters: within that little bubble, within the one page limit, and within a tiny digital graph. So, what happens to our imagination?It seems to fade.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Importance-of-Imagination-BvyL3n.html The Importance of Imagination]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Rainbow of Colorful Critters Discovered in Suriname ==<br />
<br />
A scientific expedition into one of the worlds last pristine tropical forests has revealed incredibly diverse species and extraordinary cultural heritage, said Conservation International (CI) today, announcing the results of a scientific survey in southwest Suriname that documented nearly 1,300 species, including 46 species which may be new to science. The announcement comes as the global organization marks 25 years of science-based conservation, this month.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Rainbow-of-Colorful-Critters-Discovered-in-Suriname-TjkvIE.html Rainbow of Colorful Critters Discovered in Suriname]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Cat Saves Owner Hours After Adoption ==<br />
<br />
A newly-adopted cat repaid his owners loving gesture earlier this month by saving her from a medical emergency just hours after he was brought home, the Green Bay Press Gazette reports.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Cat-Saves-Owner-Hours-After-Adoption-ixHpp7.html Cat Saves Owner Hours After Adoption]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Not a Fairytale: Americas First Public Food Forest ==<br />
<br />
Hungry? Just head over to the park. Seattles new food forest aims to be an edible wilderness. Seattles vision of an urban food oasis is going forward. A seven-acre plot of land in the citys Beacon Hill neighborhood will be planted with hundreds of different kinds of edibles<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Not-a-Fairytale-Americas-First-Public-Food-Forest-N18Amw.html Not a Fairytale: Americas First Public Food Forest]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Learning from the Wisdom of the Body ==<br />
<br />
"Its amazing that our interpretation of experiences can generate intense visceral responses. The fact that we get goosebumps when we are inspired or afraid is one of many everyday indicators of just how deeply and intricately connected our minds and bodies are. In fact, the mind and body are an intertwined whole -- and there is great wisdom in the totality of our mind-body experience. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Learning-from-the-Wisdom-of-the-Body-lJQFSo.html Learning from the Wisdom of the Body]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BlackboxBlackbox2012-08-16T23:21:42Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== 7 Choices You Always Have (that you dont always give yourself) ==<br />
<br />
I believe the choice to be excellent begins with aligning your thoughts and words with the intention to require more from yourself. ~ Oprah WinfreyMaking choices is probably the most stressful thing that we do as humans. Or perhaps more accurately, the stressful thing we do is to choose avoidance when we dont like what choices were facing. This is what creates the stress.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/7-Choices-You-Always-Have-that-you-dont-always-give-yourself-RRF.html 7 Choices You Always Have (that you dont always give yourself)]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Servant Leadership: Helping People Come Alive ==<br />
<br />
"Its a powerful perspective on work -- holding within it a value for collaboration, agency, creativity, and meaning. What if we all could see what we do in that way? What if our organizations supported us in holding that perspective, and to go one step further, how can we create institutions that release these core values? In his seminal 1970 essay <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Servant-Leadership-Helping-People-Come-Alive-zqkEDB.html Servant Leadership: Helping People Come Alive]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 7 Ways to Deal With the Death of a Loved One ==<br />
<br />
How do you deal with death, the loss of a loved one when the pain is so strong; how can you let go of the people you once loved and still love so much; how can you accept the fact that you will never see those people ever again? How can you accept the idea of loss, of death?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/7-Ways-to-Deal-With-the-Death-of-a-Loved-One-K7YCOr.html 7 Ways to Deal With the Death of a Loved One]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Not Your Usual Panhandler ==<br />
<br />
Doug Eaton wanted to celebrate his birthday on June 11 in a big way, so he turned to his friends for ideas -- ended up marking the day with random acts of kindness, including handing out free money to people passing by. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Not-Your-Usual-Panhandler-6kQtGi.html Not Your Usual Panhandler]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More ==<br />
<br />
I had no idea that being your authentic self could make me as rich as Ive become. If I had, Id have done it a lot earlier. Oprah WinfreyIt can be easy to love other people but its not always easy to love your authentic self, am I right?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Things-You-Can-Do-To-Love-Your-Authentic-Self-More-r2jcXE.html 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Black_hatBlack hat2012-08-16T23:21:23Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[black-hat]]<br />
<br />
== Mr. Happy Man ==<br />
<br />
For six hours each day, Bermudas Johnny Barnes stands at a busy traffic intersection telling all who pass that he loves them. His delight and sincerity are infectious, and the people of the island love him back. His service is a simple reminder of the power of happiness and loving-kindness to change any day for the better<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Mr-Happy-Man-VDrbVr.html Mr. Happy Man]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Why Have Good When You Can Have Better? ==<br />
<br />
As I look back on my life, I realize that every time I thought I was being rejected from something good, I was actually being re-directed to something better. Steve Maraboli<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Why-Have-Good-When-You-Can-Have-Better-PdMtIo.html Why Have Good When You Can Have Better?]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Art of Motivating Employees ==<br />
<br />
Could a simple five-minute interaction with another person dramatically increase your weekly productivity?In some employment environments, the answer is yes, according to Wharton management professor Adam Grant. Grant has devoted significant chunks of his professional career to examining what motivates workers in settings that range from call centers and mail-order pharmacies to swimming pool lifeguard squads.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Art-of-Motivating-Employees-oTveQ5.html The Art of Motivating Employees]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Journey to the End of the Earth ==<br />
<br />
I realized quickly, after just having traveled to various villages in rural India, that distance is relative. Hailing from a city like San Francisco, going even a few hours outside of town is far but twelve hours outside of a major city? I half expected to run into another country.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Journey-to-the-End-of-the-Earth-tbNql3.html Journey to the End of the Earth]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== White dress, green wedding ==<br />
<br />
Lindsey Gehl and Ryan Bell have a vision of their June wedding being white - and green, too.The 27-year-olds will pledge their troth in a traditional ceremony, followed by a reception amid the scenic trails and wildlife habitats of the Pilcher Park Nature Center in Joliet, Illinois, to which theyre donating $600.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/White-dress-green-wedding-G3Qc3u.html White dress, green wedding]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Black-hatBlack-hat2012-08-16T23:21:10Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>A malicious hacker. Refers to color-coded hats in old western movies: bad guys wear black and good guys wear white. More formally, the term is used to refer specifically to malicious hackers who really know what they're doing, but it is also often informally used just to refer to "bad guys" in general. <br />
<br />
Contrast and compare [[white-hat]], [[script kiddie]]. These are not FreeBSD-specific terms, but they're included here because the terms are relevant to any security discussion.<br />
<br />
[[Category:FreeBSD Terminology]]<br />
<br />
== 15 Things You Should Give Up To Be Happy ==<br />
<br />
Here is a list of 15 things which, if you give up on them, will make your life a lot easier and much, much happier. We hold on to so many things that cause us a great deal of pain, stress and suffering and instead of letting them all go, instead of allowing ourselves to be stress free and happy we cling on to them. Not anymore. Starting today we will give up on all those things that no longer serve us, and we will embrace change. Ready? Here we go:<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/15-Things-You-Should-Give-Up-To-Be-Happy-r1EA1L.html 15 Things You Should Give Up To Be Happy]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Not Your Usual Panhandler ==<br />
<br />
Doug Eaton wanted to celebrate his birthday on June 11 in a big way, so he turned to his friends for ideas -- ended up marking the day with random acts of kindness, including handing out free money to people passing by. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Not-Your-Usual-Panhandler-6kQtGi.html Not Your Usual Panhandler]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Three Qualifications for the New Politician ==<br />
<br />
There are plenty of politicians who genuinely desire to serve their communities and nations with humility and integrity, dedicating their lives to the cultivation of a wisdom that will benefit society at large; sadly, they are a minority.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Three-Qualifications-for-the-New-Politician-227DZ2.html Three Qualifications for the New Politician]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Importance of Imagination ==<br />
<br />
While growing up, Id never really considered how important it is to be imaginative. Its a childhood profession, you could say. It comes naturally. Then we hit an age when were presented with a scantron of bubble-in options, a template for a CV that we need to create, and Excel. At that point, our learning has to fit into certain parameters: within that little bubble, within the one page limit, and within a tiny digital graph. So, what happens to our imagination?It seems to fade.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Importance-of-Imagination-BvyL3n.html The Importance of Imagination]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Savior At the Grocery Store ==<br />
<br />
Numbly, I left my husband, Marty, at the hospital where I had been visiting two of my children and headed for the grocery store. Since it was eleven p.m., I drove to the only store I knew was open twenty-four hours a day. I turned my car motor off and rested my head against the seat.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Savior-At-the-Grocery-Store-XTmcwi.html A Savior At the Grocery Store]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Bin/shBin/sh2012-08-16T23:20:57Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Bourne shell]]<br />
<br />
== The World Waits For You ==<br />
<br />
Its so easy to give up on our dreams; its so easy to do what everybody expects us to be doing; its so easy to blend in, to be like everybody else, just another person in the crowd, having nothing interested to say, nothing interesting to show, nothing interesting to share with the world. Its so easy to stay in our comfort zone, away from our doubts, fears and worries; away from change and all that is unfamiliar; away from growth and evolution; away from all the opportunities life has to offer us; away from all that is beautiful, empowering and great away from life.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-World-Waits-For-You-0I7WPz.html The World Waits For You]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== An Incredible Graduation Gift from Dad ==<br />
<br />
Brenna Martins dad evidently doesnt like last-minute shopping. Bryan Martin a purchased a gift for his daughters high school graduation -- which happened earlier this month -- thirteen years ago. He managed to keep it hidden this whole time, and his "moving, touching, nostalgic, and thoughtful" present (her words) brought Brenna to tears when dad finally gave it to her last week.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/An-Incredible-Graduation-Gift-from-Dad-R2viuk.html An Incredible Graduation Gift from Dad]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More ==<br />
<br />
I had no idea that being your authentic self could make me as rich as Ive become. If I had, Id have done it a lot earlier. Oprah WinfreyIt can be easy to love other people but its not always easy to love your authentic self, am I right?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Things-You-Can-Do-To-Love-Your-Authentic-Self-More-r2jcXE.html 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More ==<br />
<br />
I had no idea that being your authentic self could make me as rich as Ive become. If I had, Id have done it a lot earlier. Oprah WinfreyIt can be easy to love other people but its not always easy to love your authentic self, am I right?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Things-You-Can-Do-To-Love-Your-Authentic-Self-More-r2jcXE.html 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Paths Are Made By Walking ==<br />
<br />
2012s Baccalaureate speaker at the University of Pennsylvania was an unconventional choice for an Ivy League school. To address their newly-minted graduates, aspiring to dazzling careers, they picked a man who has never in his adult life, applied for a job. A man who hasnt worked for pay in nearly a decade, and whose self-stated mission is simply "to bring smiles to the world and stillness to my heart". <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Paths-Are-Made-By-Walking-CMdEh4.html Paths Are Made By Walking]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Bastion_hostBastion host2012-08-16T23:20:41Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== Turning Grief Into Giving ==<br />
<br />
My friends decided that I needed to get out at least once a week and so we started going for coffee. Those friends helped me get through that terrible first year and still continue to help me. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Turning-Grief-Into-Giving-CDHALz.html Turning Grief Into Giving]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Importance of Learned Optimism ==<br />
<br />
What 25 years of research reveal about the cognitive skills of happiness and finding lifes greater purpose.The illiterate of the 21st century, Alvin Toffler famously said, will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn. Our outlook on the world and our daily choices of disposition and behavior are in many ways learned patterns to which Tofflers insight applies with all the greater urgency<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Importance-of-Learned-Optimism-jmZjsG.html The Importance of Learned Optimism]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== How To Let Go of Insecurities 7 Steps To Build Your Confidence ==<br />
<br />
Self-worth comes from one thing thinking that you are worthy. Wayne DyerIts okay to have insecurities, we all do and its crucial for us to observe and understand the impact these insecurities have on the quality of our lives.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/How-To-Let-Go-of-Insecurities-7-Steps-To-Build-Your-Confiden-APt.html How To Let Go of Insecurities 7 Steps To Build Your Confidence]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Celebrity Chef Chris Nirschel Cooks for the Homeless ==<br />
<br />
Cause Celeb highlights a celebritys work on behalf of a specific cause. This week, Chris Nirschel shares with us, via email interview, his work with The Food Bank for New York City.After 28 years, The Food Bank for New York has become the citys major hunger relief organization and one of the largest food banks in the country. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Celebrity-Chef-Chris-Nirschel-Cooks-for-the-Homeless-3xkuIL.html Celebrity Chef Chris Nirschel Cooks for the Homeless]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Discovering My Own Values ==<br />
<br />
At the end of your life a friend once asked, What do you hope to have happened? I thought it a great question and decided to give him a thoughtful answer, so I pocketed it for later and bought myself a month for the assignment. For a while my mind flooded with questions of plot.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Discovering-My-Own-Values-4UdImK.html Discovering My Own Values]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Bash,_fixing_delete_key_behaviorBash, fixing delete key behavior2012-08-16T23:20:06Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>DEL key in bash sometimes doesn't work. Here is how to fix it:<br />
<br />
*in /etc/profile add this line:<br />
export INPUTRC=/etc/inputrc<br />
<br />
<br />
*create /etc/inputrc and add following lines<br />
set meta-flag on<br />
set input-meta on<br />
set convert-meta off<br />
set output-meta on<br />
<br />
"\e[1~": beginning-of-line<br />
"\e[4~": end-of-line<br />
"\e[5~": beginning-of-history<br />
"\e[6~": end-of-history<br />
"\e[3~": delete-char<br />
"\e[2~": quoted-insert<br />
"\e[5C": forward-word<br />
"\e[5D": backward-word<br />
<br />
Should work after you login next time.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[Category:Configuring FreeBSD]]<br />
[[Category:Common Tasks]]<br />
<br />
== Meeting Michael ==<br />
<br />
I was sitting at my desk today, looking out the window. I saw an old homeless man crossing the street, carrying a suitcase. I remembered the many times I had looked on from afar, feeling sorry for the homeless but doing nothing. I do give money to homeless people when I walk by, but never really interact with them, beside a smile. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Meeting-Michael-YCkylF.html Meeting Michael]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Simple Ways Of Dealing With Conflict ==<br />
<br />
Being in control of your life and having realistic expectations about your day-to-day challenges are the keys to stress management, which is perhaps the most important ingredient to living a happy, healthy and rewarding life. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Simple-Ways-Of-Dealing-With-Conflict-n0JxBe.html Simple Ways Of Dealing With Conflict]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Importance of Learned Optimism ==<br />
<br />
What 25 years of research reveal about the cognitive skills of happiness and finding lifes greater purpose.The illiterate of the 21st century, Alvin Toffler famously said, will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn. Our outlook on the world and our daily choices of disposition and behavior are in many ways learned patterns to which Tofflers insight applies with all the greater urgency<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Importance-of-Learned-Optimism-jmZjsG.html The Importance of Learned Optimism]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Opposite Of Poverty Is Justice ==<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Opposite-Of-Poverty-Is-Justice-oqL04K.html The Opposite Of Poverty Is Justice]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Authors Nominate Top Books of All Time ==<br />
<br />
In 2002, the Norwegian Book Clubs gathered 100 authors from 54 countries and asked each one to list the 10 best works of fiction of all time. The authors responded and this list was created. The titles are arranged alphabetically by author name, so no one book stands above any other. The following list is the groups selection of the worlds 100 best books.How many have you read?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Authors-Nominate-Top-Books-of-All-Time-kRj65H.html Authors Nominate Top Books of All Time]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BashBash2012-08-16T23:19:49Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>The Bourne Again Shell (located in /bin/bash) is the default [[shell]] of the [[Linux]] operating system and is the shell that users of that system will likely be most familiar with.<br />
<br />
One of bash's strongest features, shared with the [[Bourne shell]], is flexible output [[redirection]].<br />
<br />
Note: Bash is ''not'' available by default in the base system, but can easily be installed from [[:Category:Ports and Packages|ports]] if desired.<br />
<br />
See [[bash]]'s [[man]] page for more info.<br />
<br />
see also: [http://cnswww.cns.cwru.edu/php/chet/bash/bashtop.html bash homepage]<br />
<br />
To change your shell from one to another, run the [[chsh]] command.<br />
<br />
To change [[bash]]'s look and feel, edit your [[shell configuration file]] -- .profile and/or [[.bashrc]] (may be called .bash_profile on older systems).<br />
<br />
Other shells that you can install and customize for ease of use are the [[bash]], [[tcsh]], [[psh]], [[ksh]], [[zsh]].<br />
<br />
See also [[Changing_your_shell]] and [[Gotchas, Linux]]<br />
<br />
[[Category: Shells]]<br />
[[Category: Ports and Packages]]<br />
[[Category : Linux Equivalents]]<br />
<br />
== Stop Using The Wrong Type of Intelligence ==<br />
<br />
A man should hear a little music, read a little poetry, and see a fine picture every day of his life, in order that worldly cares may not obliterate the sense of the beautiful which God has implanted in the human soul. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Stop-Using-The-Wrong-Type-of-Intelligence-6IGOxm.html Stop Using The Wrong Type of Intelligence]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Sisters Deathless Legacy of Love ==<br />
<br />
After living through an experimental cancer treatment my sister Barb was left unable to work. When she was offered the opportunity to do a mission trip in India if she could come up with $3,000 - she was left thinking there was no way she could go. No way to raise the funds. She asked me to brainstorm with her as to ways she could raise money. "The only thing I can do is hug," she told me - and thus her adventure began.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Sisters-Deathless-Legacy-of-Love-UvTY7u.html A Sisters Deathless Legacy of Love]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Paths Are Made By Walking ==<br />
<br />
2012s Baccalaureate speaker at the University of Pennsylvania was an unconventional choice for an Ivy League school. To address their newly-minted graduates, aspiring to dazzling careers, they picked a man who has never in his adult life, applied for a job. A man who hasnt worked for pay in nearly a decade, and whose self-stated mission is simply "to bring smiles to the world and stillness to my heart". <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Paths-Are-Made-By-Walking-CMdEh4.html Paths Are Made By Walking]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== How To Make Peace With Imperfection ==<br />
<br />
If you look closely at a tree youll notice its knots and dead branches, just like our bodies. What we learn is that beauty and imperfection go together wonderfully. Matthew Fox<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/How-To-Make-Peace-With-Imperfection-AOuD91.html How To Make Peace With Imperfection]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Microbial Oasis Discovered Beneath the Atacama Desert ==<br />
<br />
Two metres below the surface of the Atacama Desert there is an oasis of microorganisms. Researchers from the Center of Astrobiology (Spain) and the Catholic University of the North in Chile have found it in hypersaline substrates thanks to SOLID, a detector for signs of life which could be used in environments similar to subsoil on Mars.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Microbial-Oasis-Discovered-Beneath-the-Atacama-Desert-WWstX4.html Microbial Oasis Discovered Beneath the Atacama Desert]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Background_processesBackground processes2012-08-16T23:19:26Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>See [[daemons]]<br />
<br />
[[Category : Windows Equivalents]]<br />
<br />
== 6 Steps Towards Living a Life Free of Fear and Full of Hope ==<br />
<br />
There are two basic motivating forces: fear and love. When we are afraid, we pull back from life. When we are in love, we open to all that life has to offer with passion, excitement, and acceptance. We need to learn to love ourselves first, in all our glory and our imperfections. If we cannot love ourselves, we cannot fully open our ability to love others or our potential to create. Evolution and all hopes for a better world rest in the fearlessness and open-hearted vision of people who embrace life. ~ John Lennon<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/6-Steps-Towards-Living-a-Life-Free-of-Fear-and-Full-of-Hope-dnAp.html 6 Steps Towards Living a Life Free of Fear and Full of Hope]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Reuse of Wastewater May Improve Drinking Water Supply ==<br />
<br />
With recent advances in technology and design, treating municipal wastewater and reusing it for drinking water, irrigation, industry, and other applications could significantly increase the nations total available water resources, particularly in coastal areas facing water shortages, says a new report from the National Research Council.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Reuse-of-Wastewater-May-Improve-Drinking-Water-Supply-SD47qe.html Reuse of Wastewater May Improve Drinking Water Supply]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Starting A Slow Story Movement ==<br />
<br />
"It is said that we become the stories that we tell among ourselves. This might have been true before we became salespersons. For a few decades now, I think we have become numb to the stories that we tell among ourselves. So stories have become shorter and crisper to the length of a tweet. We are so committed to telling a story to the point that finally what remains is a dimensionless point. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Starting-A-Slow-Story-Movement-V4LmVD.html Starting A Slow Story Movement]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Man Builds Fairy Tale Home for $4700 ==<br />
<br />
Simon Dale is a family man in Wales, the western part of Great Britain. His interest in self-sustainability and an ecological awareness led him to dig out and build his own homeone of the loveliest, warmest, most inviting dwellings you could ever imagine. And it cost him only 3,000, about $4,700 American dollars!<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Man-Builds-Fairy-Tale-Home-for-4700-CHIO9L.html Man Builds Fairy Tale Home for $4700]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More ==<br />
<br />
I had no idea that being your authentic self could make me as rich as Ive become. If I had, Id have done it a lot earlier. Oprah WinfreyIt can be easy to love other people but its not always easy to love your authentic self, am I right?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Things-You-Can-Do-To-Love-Your-Authentic-Self-More-r2jcXE.html 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Background,_running_jobs_inBackground, running jobs in2012-08-16T23:19:16Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>There are three basic methods to run jobs in the background: by '''ampersand''' from the shell, by the [[cron]] scheduler , and by the [[at]] scheduler. We will cover the basics of all three methods here.<br />
<br />
<br />
<br />
==Ampersand==<br />
This is the simplest method: when executing a command from the [[shell]], simply append an ampersand to it, and the shell will execute it in the background and return you a process id number:<br />
<br />
ph34r# '''/usr/bin/perl /home/jimbo/dostuff.pl &'''<br />
[1] 84190<br />
ph34r# '''ps waux | grep 84190'''<br />
root 84190 0.0 0.1 1460 788 ?? Is 4:02PM 0:02.19 /usr/bin/perl /home/jimbo/dostuff.pl<br />
<br />
However, if you should exit the shell, the background process will also be killed:<br />
<br />
ph34r# exit<br />
% ps waux | grep 84190<br />
%<br />
<br />
Our job got killed when we exited the shell because it was a [[child process]] of the shell. If we wanted to be able to close the shell and still keep the job running, we should have used [[at]].<br />
<br />
Another interesting use of the ampersand character from the [[shell]] is to cause one task to run ''after'' another task finishes:<br />
<br />
ph34r# '''echo this && echo is && echo just && echo an && echo example'''<br />
this<br />
is<br />
just<br />
an<br />
example<br />
ph34r#<br />
<br />
You can also append a single ampersand at the end of a bunch of double-ampersand linked commands in order to cause the whole kit and kaboodle to run in the background, while still making each individual command wait on the last one to finish before it starts.<br />
<br />
==cron==<br />
[[cron]] is the system's automated scheduling utility for repeated tasks. Its usage is complex enough that it's better for you to visit the [[cron]] article itself if you want to learn how to use it; but in a nutshell special files called [[crontab]]s are used to tell '''cron''' what tasks you want it to perform, under which user contexts, and when. '''cron''' jobs are not bound to any particular shell, and will fire off on schedule without any user intervention and regardless of whether any particular user - or anyone at all - is interactively logged into the system.<br />
<br />
==at==<br />
[[at]] is the system's scheduling utility for single-execution jobs: when you want something to happen at some particular point in time, but only once, you schedule it with [[at]]. Once every five minutes, [[cron]] fires up [[atrun]], which checks the [[at]] queue and pops jobs that are due to process off the queue and runs them.<br />
<br />
[[at]] jobs are ''not'' children of any shell process, and just like cron jobs, will run regardless of whether any particular user or even any user at all is logged into the system interactively. This makes [[at]] a handy way to cause a long-running job to start up immediately, while allowing you to close your shell and go elsewhere (or to make sure a REALLY long-running job will continue running even if your shell closes for some reason out of your control, such as an internet outage).<br />
<br />
When using [[at]] to schedule a job to run immediately, however, you may get annoyed by having to wait for the next 5-minute mark for the job to run: if so, you can always fire up [[atrun]] yourself, rather than waiting for [[cron]] to do it for you. This won't hurt anything, and it will go ahead and pop jobs that are due to run out of the queue immediately so you don't have to sit around and wait.<br />
<br />
ph34r# '''date'''<br />
Fri Feb 29 15:50:29 EST 2008<br />
ph34r# '''at now'''<br />
'''/bin/sh /home/jimbo/some_long_job.sh'''<br />
'''^D''' ''(user pressed ctrl-D)''<br />
Job 9 will be executed using /bin/sh<br />
ph34r# '''atq'''<br />
Date Owner Queue Job#<br />
Fri Feb 29 15:50:48 EST 2008 root c 9<br />
ph34r# '''/usr/libexec/atrun'''<br />
ph34r# '''atq'''<br />
ph34r# exit<br />
% '''ps waux | grep some_long_job'''<br />
root 20472 0.0 0.1 1460 788 ?? Ss 12:02PM 0:02.19 /bin/sh /home/jimbo/some_long_job.sh<br />
%<br />
<br />
As you can see, we scheduled the job for immediate execution, saw that it was pushed into the queue, manually fired off [[atrun]], then checked to see that it had popped from the queue. Seeing that it had popped from the queue, we exited our shell (note the transition from the "ph34r# " prompt to the "% " prompt) and checked to see that the job was still running - and sure enough, it was. Miller time!<br />
<br />
[[Category: Common Tasks]] [[Category: FreeBSD for Servers]]<br />
<br />
== Research Reveals Largest Ancient Dam Built by Maya Civilization ==<br />
<br />
Recent excavations, sediment coring and mapping by a multi-university team led by the University of Cincinnati at the pre-Columbian city of Tikal, a paramount urban center of the ancient Maya, have identified new landscaping and engineering feats, including the largest ancient dam built by the Maya of Central America.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Research-Reveals-Largest-Ancient-Dam-Built-by-Maya-Civilizat-cff.html Research Reveals Largest Ancient Dam Built by Maya Civilization]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Cat Saves Owner Hours After Adoption ==<br />
<br />
A newly-adopted cat repaid his owners loving gesture earlier this month by saving her from a medical emergency just hours after he was brought home, the Green Bay Press Gazette reports.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Cat-Saves-Owner-Hours-After-Adoption-ixHpp7.html Cat Saves Owner Hours After Adoption]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 11 Things You Should Start Doing for Yourself Today ==<br />
<br />
Enjoy everything that happens in your life, but never make your happiness or success dependent on an attachment to any person, place or thing. Wayne DyerYou deserve to live a more balanced, harmonious and happier life, starting today and starting now. Today, not tomorrow, nor the day after tomorrow is where your life is, where your life starts. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/11-Things-You-Should-Start-Doing-for-Yourself-Today-e883xI.html 11 Things You Should Start Doing for Yourself Today]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Discovering My Own Values ==<br />
<br />
At the end of your life a friend once asked, What do you hope to have happened? I thought it a great question and decided to give him a thoughtful answer, so I pocketed it for later and bought myself a month for the assignment. For a while my mind flooded with questions of plot.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Discovering-My-Own-Values-4UdImK.html Discovering My Own Values]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== What Ive Learned About Learning ==<br />
<br />
We learn more by looking for the answer to a question and not finding it than we do from learning the answer itself. ~Lloyd AlexanderI am a teacher and an avid learner, and Im passionate about both.Im a teacher because I help Eva homeschool our kids OK, she does most of the work, but I do help, mostly with math but with everything else too.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/What-Ive-Learned-About-Learning-I45BZI.html What Ive Learned About Learning]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BSD_LicenceBSD Licence2012-08-16T23:19:02Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''BSD License''' is the license by which FreeBSD is released under much like [[Linux]] being released under the 'GNU General Public License'. It governs the rights of use of the source code and related works.<br />
<br />
The basic concept is "Please feel free to take our code, do what you want with it but give us recognition of our parts and do not sue us should something go wrong.". The following is taken from the COPYRIGHT file on a FreeBSD 6.2 installation and features the full license details:<br />
<br />
# $FreeBSD: src/COPYRIGHT,v 1.6.2.1.4.1 2007/01/02 16:37:33 delphij Exp $<br />
# @(#)COPYRIGHT 8.2 (Berkeley) 3/21/94<br />
<br />
The compilation of software known as FreeBSD is distributed under the<br />
following terms:<br />
<br />
Copyright (C) 1992-2007 The FreeBSD Project. All rights reserved.<br />
<br />
'''Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without'''<br />
'''modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions'''<br />
'''are met:'''<br />
'''1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright'''<br />
''' notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.'''<br />
'''2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright'''<br />
''' notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the'''<br />
''' documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.'''<br />
<br />
''THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY AUTHOR AND CONTRIBUTORS 'AS IS' AND''<br />
''ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE''<br />
''IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE''<br />
''ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL AUTHOR OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE''<br />
''FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL''<br />
''DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS''<br />
''OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)''<br />
''HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT''<br />
''LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY''<br />
''OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF''<br />
''SUCH DAMAGE.''<br />
<br />
The 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite software is distributed under the following terms:<br />
<br />
All of the documentation and software included in the 4.4BSD and 4.4BSD-Lite<br />
Releases is copyrighted by The Regents of the University of California.<br />
<br />
Copyright 1979, 1980, 1983, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994<br />
<br />
The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.<br />
<br />
'''Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without'''<br />
'''modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions'''<br />
'''are met:'''<br />
'''1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright'''<br />
''' notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.'''<br />
'''2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright'''<br />
''' notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the'''<br />
''' documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.'''<br />
'''3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software'''<br />
''' must display the following acknowledgement:'''<br />
'''This product includes software developed by the University of'''<br />
'''California, Berkeley and its contributors.'''<br />
'''4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors'''<br />
''' may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software'''<br />
''' without specific prior written permission.'''<br />
<br />
''THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS 'AS IS' AND''<br />
''ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE''<br />
''IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE''<br />
''ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE''<br />
''FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL''<br />
''DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS''<br />
''OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)''<br />
''HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT''<br />
''LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY''<br />
''OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF''<br />
''SUCH DAMAGE.''<br />
<br />
The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and the American<br />
National Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems have<br />
given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation.<br />
<br />
In the following statement, the phrase ``this text'' refers to portions<br />
of the system documentation.<br />
<br />
Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in<br />
the second BSD Networking Software Release, from IEEE Std 1003.1-1988, IEEE<br />
Standard Portable Operating System Interface for Computer Environments<br />
(POSIX), copyright C 1988 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics<br />
Engineers, Inc. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions<br />
and the original IEEE Standard, the original IEEE Standard is the referee<br />
document.<br />
<br />
In the following statement, the phrase ``This material'' refers to portions<br />
of the system documentation.<br />
<br />
This material is reproduced with permission from American National<br />
Standards Committee X3, on Information Processing Systems. Computer and<br />
Business Equipment Manufacturers Association (CBEMA), 311 First St., NW,<br />
Suite 500, Washington, DC 20001-2178. The developmental work of<br />
Programming Language C was completed by the X3J11 Technical Committee.<br />
<br />
The views and conclusions contained in the software and documentation are<br />
those of the authors and should not be interpreted as representing official<br />
policies, either expressed or implied, of the Regents of the University<br />
of California.<br />
<br />
<br />
NOTE: The copyright of UC Berkeley's Berkeley Software Distribution ("BSD")<br />
source has been updated. The copyright addendum may be found at<br />
ftp://ftp.cs.berkeley.edu/pub/4bsd/README.Impt.License.Change and is<br />
included below.<br />
<br />
July 22, 1999<br />
<br />
To All Licensees, Distributors of Any Version of BSD:<br />
<br />
As you know, certain of the Berkeley Software Distribution ("BSD") source<br />
code files require that further distributions of products containing all or<br />
portions of the software, acknowledge within their advertising materials<br />
that such products contain software developed by UC Berkeley and its<br />
contributors.<br />
<br />
Specifically, the provision reads:<br />
<br />
" * 3. All advertising materials mentioning features or use of this software<br />
* must display the following acknowledgement:<br />
* This product includes software developed by the University of<br />
* California, Berkeley and its contributors."<br />
<br />
Effective immediately, licensees and distributors are no longer required to<br />
include the acknowledgement within advertising materials. Accordingly, the<br />
foregoing paragraph of those BSD Unix files containing it is hereby deleted<br />
in its entirety.<br />
<br />
William Hoskins<br />
Director ... \n<br />
<br />
== The Power of Words and Emotional Bonding! ==<br />
<br />
If you become steadfast in your abstentions of thoughts of harm directed toward others, all living creatures will cease to feel enmity in your presence. PatanjaliWords have power, incredible power, and this power lies in each and every one of us. Of course, its up to us to use this power for the greater good of all or not.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Power-of-Words-and-Emotional-Bonding-2wgncv.html The Power of Words and Emotional Bonding!]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Stop Using The Wrong Type of Intelligence ==<br />
<br />
A man should hear a little music, read a little poetry, and see a fine picture every day of his life, in order that worldly cares may not obliterate the sense of the beautiful which God has implanted in the human soul. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Stop-Using-The-Wrong-Type-of-Intelligence-6IGOxm.html Stop Using The Wrong Type of Intelligence]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Use Your Talents Give More Receive More ==<br />
<br />
When I stand before God at the end of my life, I would hope that I would not have a single bit of talent left, and could say, I used everything you gave me.Erma Bombeck<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Use-Your-Talents-Give-More-Receive-More-n807aT.html Use Your Talents Give More Receive More]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Why Creative Thinking is Inclusive Thinking ==<br />
<br />
"Albert Einstein was once asked what the difference was between him and the average person. He said that if you asked the average person to find a needle in the haystack, the person would stop when he or she found a needle. He, on the other hand, would tear through the entire haystack looking for all the possible needles. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Why-Creative-Thinking-is-Inclusive-Thinking-sNMMAZ.html Why Creative Thinking is Inclusive Thinking]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Way of the Peaceful Parent ==<br />
<br />
The Way is only learned by walking it. Here are the steps I recommend:* Greet your child each morning with a smile, a hug, a loving Good Morning! This is how we would all like to be greeted each day.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Way-of-the-Peaceful-Parent-sdV8KN.html The Way of the Peaceful Parent]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BIND,_managingBIND, managing2012-08-16T23:17:27Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>By far the easiest way to manage BIND is via [[webmin]], which is all GUI click and drop-down menus (see image below). But you should at the very least know how to manage it via command line for systems that you cannot set up [[webmin]] on for whatever reason or for those times when webmin fails.<br />
<br />
To add records to a zone, you'll need to find that zone's file, edit it to include the record, '''increase your SOA serial number''' (1st parameter on IN SOA line, commonly with comment "; Serial") and reload your server with<br />
rndc reload<br />
<br />
If your server is a slave and you want it to retransfer the records from the master:<br />
rndc retransfer<br />
<br />
To check the status of your server:<br />
rndc status<br />
<br />
For example: <br />
<br />
number of zones: 1077<br />
debug level: 0<br />
xfers running: 0<br />
xfers deferred: 0<br />
soa queries in progress: 0<br />
query logging is OFF<br />
recursive clients: 1/0/1000<br />
tcp clients: 0/100<br />
server is up and running<br />
<br />
To stop your server: <br />
rndc stop<br />
<br />
To flush the DNS cache:<br />
rndc flush<br />
<br />
BIND can be a pain to manage properly, and not without reason there are thousands of pages on how to do it written. <br />
<br />
* [[http://www.bind9.net/manuals BIND9.net Manuals]]<br />
* bind-users FAQ<br />
* [[http://www.reedmedia.net/books/bind-dns BIND 9 DNS Administration Reference Book]]<br />
* [[http://www.netwidget.net/books/apress/dns/ Pro DNS and BIND]]<br />
<br />
And here's a screenshot of Webmin's "Bind 9 Dynamic Server" module (which you'll have to install separately from the webmin.com site; the basic webmin BIND module doesn't do views very well and was designed for BIND 8):<br />
<br />
[[Image: bind9webmin.PNG]]<br />
<br />
<br />
== See also: ==<br />
<br />
[[BIND]]<br />
<br />
[[BIND (installing)]]<br />
<br />
[[BIND (configuring)]]<br />
<br />
[[BIND (securing)]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Configuring FreeBSD]]<br />
[[Category:Ports and Packages]]<br />
[[Category:Common Tasks]]<br />
[[Category:DNS]]<br />
<br />
== 6 Steps Towards Living a Life Free of Fear and Full of Hope ==<br />
<br />
There are two basic motivating forces: fear and love. When we are afraid, we pull back from life. When we are in love, we open to all that life has to offer with passion, excitement, and acceptance. We need to learn to love ourselves first, in all our glory and our imperfections. If we cannot love ourselves, we cannot fully open our ability to love others or our potential to create. Evolution and all hopes for a better world rest in the fearlessness and open-hearted vision of people who embrace life. ~ John Lennon<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/6-Steps-Towards-Living-a-Life-Free-of-Fear-and-Full-of-Hope-dnAp.html 6 Steps Towards Living a Life Free of Fear and Full of Hope]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Simple Ways Of Dealing With Conflict ==<br />
<br />
Being in control of your life and having realistic expectations about your day-to-day challenges are the keys to stress management, which is perhaps the most important ingredient to living a happy, healthy and rewarding life. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Simple-Ways-Of-Dealing-With-Conflict-n0JxBe.html Simple Ways Of Dealing With Conflict]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Authors Nominate Top Books of All Time ==<br />
<br />
In 2002, the Norwegian Book Clubs gathered 100 authors from 54 countries and asked each one to list the 10 best works of fiction of all time. The authors responded and this list was created. The titles are arranged alphabetically by author name, so no one book stands above any other. The following list is the groups selection of the worlds 100 best books.How many have you read?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Authors-Nominate-Top-Books-of-All-Time-kRj65H.html Authors Nominate Top Books of All Time]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Second Glance ==<br />
<br />
Have you ever cringed at the sight of a human being who is physically disfigured? David Roche, who was born with a facial disfigurement, spent years trying to hide from himself. At middle age, he discovered his inner beauty, his spirit and his strength, and he has dedicated his life to helping all people find the inner beauty within themselves and in others.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Second-Glance-FDzaku.html The Second Glance]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Champ Helps Injured Competitor Across Finish Line ==<br />
<br />
Sometimes, a simple gesture can take on a much greater meaning. During an Ohio track meet, Meghan Vogel sacrificed her own position to help Arden McMath, a fellow runner who fell down finish the race.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Champ-Helps-Injured-Competitor-Across-Finish-Line-zzvVfj.html Champ Helps Injured Competitor Across Finish Line]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BIND,_dynamic_DNS,_failover_A_recordsBIND, dynamic DNS, failover A records2012-08-16T23:17:01Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>== The problem: inexpensive but unreliable ISPs ==<br />
If you've got a multi-homed network with multiple IP addresses from different ISPs, but you aren't a big enough organization to convince your ISPs to build [[BGP]] routes to connect to each other at your network, you will probably find it really handy to have a single DNS record that will automatically choose the best way to get to your network from the outside world.<br />
<br />
In this example, "BSDcompany" runs a small office network ('''office.bsdcompany.com''') and a server in a colocated network facility ('''coloserver.bsdcompany.com'''). Frequently, they need to access network resources inside the office from the internet. Since neither of the two ISPs available at BSDcompany's office are particularly reliable, BSDcompany has a cable modem from one of them, a DSL modem from the other, and a dual-WAN router. Both the cable and the DSL use dynamic IP addresses, and the company already has a server in the office doing [[BIND (dynamic DNS)|dynamic DNS updates]] to '''cable-ip.office.bsdcompany.com''' and '''dsl-ip.office.bsdcompany.com'''.<br />
<br />
BSDcompany's dual-WAN router provides load balancing and automatic failover redundancy for internet access from within the office. But BSDcompany wants similar redundancy and balancing from the ''outside'' coming ''in'' as well. So instead of randomly trying cable-ip.office.bsdcompany.com and dsl-ip.office.bsdcompany.com to see which (if either) is working at any particular time, they just want to be able to use a single name all the time and have it automatically take them to whichever ISP is up and/or faster at the moment.<br />
<br />
== The solution: ddns-failover.pl (another freebsdwiki.net original) == <br />
BSDcompany decides to set up a [[cron]] job on their colo server to check the status and latency of each of their office WAN IPs. That script will then automatically update a third A record, '''office.bsdcompany.com''', with whichever is currently the quicker of the two office WANs to respond - and if both WANs are down, it will delete the record entirely until one or the other of them comes back up.<br />
<br />
(Like the '''set-ddns.pl''' script in the [[BIND (dynamic DNS)|previous dynamic DNS article]], the variables '''ddns-failover.pl''' in UPPERCASE are things you should set to match your own situation, while the ones in lower or mixed case are generally things you shouldn't need to mess with.)<br />
<br />
<nowiki>#!/usr/bin/perl<br />
<br />
# ddns-failover.pl<br />
#<br />
# Copyright (c) 05-20-2006, JRS System Solutions<br />
# All rights reserved under standard BSD license<br />
# details: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php<br />
#<br />
# Check each of two public IPs for the same multi-homed host,<br />
# and set a dynamic DNS A record to point to the lower latency<br />
# of the two. If both routes are down, delete the hostname<br />
# entirely until one or both IPs come back up.<br />
<br />
$WANDNS1 = 'cable-ip.office.bsdcompany.com';<br />
$WANDNS2 = 'dsl-ip.office.bsdcompany.com';<br />
$HOSTNAME = 'office.bsdcompany.com';<br />
$NAMESERVER = 'coloserver.bsdcompany.com';<br />
$KEYFILE = 'Koffice.bsdcompany.com.+157+15661.private';<br />
$KEYDIR = '/usr/home/ddns';<br />
$TTL = '10';<br />
<br />
@wan1 = split(/\n/,`/sbin/ping -qc 1 -t 1 $WANDNS1`);<br />
@wan2 = split(/\n/,`/sbin/ping -qc 1 -t 1 $WANDNS2`);<br />
<br />
$wan1[0] =~ /\((\d*?\.\d*?\.\d*?\.\d*?)\)/;<br />
$wan1_ip = $1;<br />
if ($wan1_ip == '') { $wan1_ip = 'NO HOST FOUND'; }<br />
$wan2[0] =~ /\((\d*?\.\d*?\.\d*?\.\d*?)\)/;<br />
$wan2_ip = $1;<br />
if ($wan2_ip == '') { $wan2_ip = 'NO HOST FOUND'; }<br />
<br />
$wan1[3] =~ /(\d*?) packets received/;<br />
$wan1_rcvd = $1;<br />
$wan2[3] =~ /(\d*?) packets received/;<br />
$wan2_rcvd = $1;<br />
<br />
$wan1[4] =~ /\/(\d*?\.\d*?)\//;<br />
$wan1_time = $1;<br />
$wan2[4] =~ /\/(\d*?\.\d*?)\//;<br />
$wan2_time = $1;<br />
<br />
if ($wan1_rcvd != 1 && $wan2_rcvd == 1) {<br />
print "WAN1 [$wan1_ip]: NO RESPONSE\nWAN2 [$wan2_ip]: $wan2_time" . "ms\nSET $HOSTNAME: WAN2\n";<br />
$dnsip=$wan2_ip;<br />
} elsif ($wan1_rcvd == 1 && $wan2_rcvd != 1) {<br />
print "WAN1 [$wan1_ip]: $wan1_time" . "ms\nWAN2 [$wan2_ip]: NO RESPONSE\nSET $HOSTNAME: WAN1\n";<br />
$dnsip=$wan1_ip;<br />
} elsif ($wan1_rcvd != 1 && $wan2_rcvd !=1) {<br />
print "WAN1 [$wan1_ip]: NO RESPONSE\nWAN2 [$wan2_ip]: NO RESPONSE\nDELETE $HOSTNAME\n";<br />
$dnsip='NO';<br />
} elsif ($wan1_time <= $wan2_time) {<br />
print "WAN1 [$wan1_ip]: $wan1_time" . "ms\nWAN2 [$wan2_ip]: $wan2_time" . "ms\nSET $HOSTNAME: WAN1\n";<br />
$dnsip=$wan1_ip;<br />
} else {<br />
print "WAN1 [$wan1_ip]: $wan1_time" . "ms\nWAN2 [$wan2_ip]: $wan2_time" . "ms\nSET $HOSTNAME: WAN2\n";<br />
$dnsip=$wan2_ip;<br />
}<br />
<br />
chdir ($KEYDIR);<br />
open (NSUPDATE, "| /usr/sbin/nsupdate -k $KEYFILE");<br />
print NSUPDATE "server $NAMESERVER\n";<br />
print NSUPDATE "update delete $HOSTNAME A\n";<br />
if ($dnsip ne 'NO') {<br />
print NSUPDATE "update add $HOSTNAME $TTL A $dnsip\n";<br />
}<br />
# print NSUPDATE "show\n";<br />
print NSUPDATE "send\n";<br />
close (NSUPDATE);</nowiki><br />
<br />
== Setting up permissions ==<br />
To minimize security risks, the gurus at BSDcompany create a new user named "ddns", put this script and the copies of the key files for the zone (which they already had, when they [[BIND (dynamic DNS)|set up their dynamic DNS]] earlier) in the "ddns" user's home directory, and make sure to set the permissions on everything as restrictively as possible before setting up the [[cron]] job to actually run it.<br />
<br />
coloserver# '''pw useradd ddns -s /sbin/nologin -d /usr/home/ddns'''<br />
coloserver# '''mkdir /home/ddns'''<br />
coloserver# '''cp /etc/namedb/zones/keys/Koffice.bsdcompany.com.+157+15661.private .'''<br />
coloserver# '''cp /etc/namedb/zones/keys/Koffice.bsdcompany.com.+157+15661.key .'''<br />
coloserver# '''chmod 400 Koffice.bsdcompany.com.+157+15661.*'''<br />
coloserver# '''chmod 500 ddns-failover.pl'''<br />
coloserver# '''ls -l'''<br />
-r-------- 1 ddns wheel 130 May 20 12:22 Kph34r.tehinterweb.net.+157+23266.key<br />
-r-------- 1 ddns wheel 145 May 20 13:17 Kph34r.tehinterweb.net.+157+23266.private<br />
-r-x------ 1 ddns wheel 3108 May 23 01:27 ddns-failover.pl<br />
coloserver# '''su ddns''<br />
This account is currently not available.<br />
<br />
Excellent: the '''ddns''' account is present but cannot be interactively logged into, the key files are readable (but not writeable or executable) only to it, and the script is executable (but not writeable) only to it. Now that the permissions are correct, it's time to do a test run - we'll run the script manually (using [[sudo]] to do so as the user '''ddns''', just like the [[cron]] job will) before we set it up to run automatically.<br />
<br />
== Testing the script manually ==<br />
coloserver# '''sudo -u ddns /usr/bin/perl /usr/home/ddns/ddns-failover.pl'''<br />
WAN1 [128.32.64.5]: 94.302ms<br />
WAN2 [144.69.42.18]: 85.341ms<br />
SET office.bsdcompany.com: WAN2<br />
coloserver# '''ping -qc 1 office.bsdcompany.com'''<br />
PING office.bsdcompany.com (144.69.42.18): 56 data bytes<br />
<br />
--- office.bsdcompany.com ping statistics ---<br />
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss<br />
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 85.038/85.038/85.038/0.000 ms<br />
<br />
Perfect! Now, the BSDcompany folks force an apparent fail condition on WAN2 to make sure it ... \n<br />
<br />
== A Brief History of Timekeeping ==<br />
<br />
"For millennia, humans have sought to make sense of time, to visualize it, to ride its arrow, to hack it, to understand biological connection to it. Time is the very foundation of conscious experience, writes Dan Falk in In Search of Time: The History, Physics, and Philosophy of Time. And yet that awareness has a long history of friction -- to mark and measure the passage of time has proven remarkably challenging. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Brief-History-of-Timekeeping-RAcQAH.html A Brief History of Timekeeping]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Journey to the End of the Earth ==<br />
<br />
I realized quickly, after just having traveled to various villages in rural India, that distance is relative. Hailing from a city like San Francisco, going even a few hours outside of town is far but twelve hours outside of a major city? I half expected to run into another country.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Journey-to-the-End-of-the-Earth-tbNql3.html Journey to the End of the Earth]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Why You Should Always Trust Yourself ==<br />
<br />
Trust yourself. You know more than you think you do. Benjamin SpockAs time passes by and the more work you will do on discovering and improving yourself, the more you will realize that the ancient Latin quotation: Ne te quaesiveris extra - Do not look outside of yourself for the truth, is true.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Why-You-Should-Always-Trust-Yourself-TR2gYW.html Why You Should Always Trust Yourself]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Guerilla Gardener Plants Joy in Potholes ==<br />
<br />
Theyre the bane of cyclists and motorists alike, but one urban gardener has grown a fondness for potholes after deciding to spruce up cities around Europe by filling them up with miniature flower arrangements. Australian Steve Wheen, 34, who lives in London, has been using flowers and small-scale objects to transform urban potholes for the last three years. The self-styled guerrilla gardener has created mini gardens all around his home city but has now decided to bring joy to commuters across Europe with his unusual pothole creations.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Guerilla-Gardener-Plants-Joy-in-Potholes-CnUGQR.html Guerilla Gardener Plants Joy in Potholes]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Quick Guide To The Art of Listening ==<br />
<br />
The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to understand people is to listen to them. Ralph Nichols<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Quick-Guide-To-The-Art-of-Listening-ALkv60.html A Quick Guide To The Art of Listening]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Apache,_Digest_AuthenticationApache, Digest Authentication2012-08-16T23:15:24Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
==Overview==<br />
Traditionally, [[apache]] has used Basic authentication as a way to implement simple password protection on locations and directories. This is fine so far as it goes, but unfortunately while the .htpasswd file on the other end is encrypted, when a user authenticates the username and password are sent in cleartext. Apache also supports Digest authentication, which works almost identically, but does simple encryption of the ''transmitted'' username and password as well as the stored copies on the server.<br />
<br />
Before you can use AuthDigest, you'll need to make sure the '''mod_auth_digest''' module is loaded in your Apache server. (It will be by default, if you have built Apache from ports.) The line enabling it in /usr/local/etc/apache22/httpd.conf looks like this:<br />
<br />
LoadModule auth_digest_module libexec/apache22/mod_auth_digest.so<br />
<br />
<br />
==Directives==<br />
Once you've made sure your installation of Apache allows Digest authentication, you'll need to configure it for a Directory or a Location, which can be done in a .htaccess file in the directory to be protected (if AllowOverride Auth is set for that site), or in the Apache configs themselves. The configuration for Digest authentication looks very much like that for Basic authentication:<br />
<br />
<Location /><br />
AuthName 'Private'<br />
<br />
AuthType Digest<br />
AuthDigestProvider file<br />
AuthDigestDomain /<br />
AuthUserFile /data/www/sitename.tld/.htdigest<br />
<br />
Require valid-user<br />
</Location><br />
<br />
In this example, an entire website is protected with Digest authentication. Note the AuthDigestDomain directive; it should ''always'' be specified; otherwise the client will send the Authorization header for every request sent to the server. (In fact, in this example it wouldn't matter too much because the entire site WILL require the Authorization header - but it's a good habit to get into, particularly since you will usually only be protecting a certain part of a site.)<br />
<br />
Also note that, unlike Basic authentication, the AuthName directive in a Digest-protected site serves as more than just "the text that pops up in a dialog box" when a user visits the protected area. With Digest authentication, the "Realm" specified by AuthName is a mandatory part of the user information in the ''.htdigest'' file and should match with the realm string specified in ''.htdigest''. Presumably, this is so that you can use a single .htdigest file with multiple sites even if the sites have overlap in usernames. That's probably a bad idea in most cases, though.<br />
<br />
==Creating .htdigest Files==<br />
The other side of Digest authentication is creating the .htdigest file; for that you will use the '''htdigest''' command, which functions much like the '''htpasswd''' command. As mentioned above, however, you MUST specify a Realm when creating a user with '''htdigest''', and the Realm MUST match the text in the AuthName directive. In this example, we'll create a .htdigest file to go along with the Digest directives shown above:<br />
<br />
me@box:~$ '''htdigest -c /data/www/sitename.tld/.htdigest 'Private' 'username' '''<br />
Adding password for username in realm Private.<br />
New password:<br />
Re-type new password:<br />
me@box:~$ '''cat /data/www/sitename.tld/.htdigest''<br />
username:Private:793b5dd9aceaa4314b3aa350b55d6bd3<br />
<br />
As you can see, the .htdigest file contains the Realm as well as the username and a hashed copy of the password. Also note that we used single quotes to encapsulate username and realm in the htdigest command - that's not strictly necessary, but it's good practice; many sites want to use sentences rather than single words in the Authentication dialog box, which means you need to be able to use them in the htdigest command as well. And no, you can't just go into the .htdigest file and edit the Realm name afterwards - the hash is actually a hash of '''username:realm:password''' all together, so it won't work if you change the realm after it's created. (See http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/misc/password_encryptions.html for details)<br />
<br />
Now that you've got your .htdigest file created and your AuthDigest directives written, you'll need to restart Apache to put them in place (unless you used a .htaccess file to implement them instead of doing it in the Apache conf files).<br />
<br />
==Problems Restarting Apache==<br />
There's a nasty, unexpected SNAFU that you may run into the first time you restart Apache after enabling Digest authentication:<br />
<br />
box# '''apachectl restart''' <br />
box#<br />
<br />
It ''looks'' like everything restarted just fine... but when you go to browse ''any'' site on the server, you may get timeouts, and when you check to see if Apache's running, you may see only a single hung process doing nothing, instead of the usual 5 or 10 processes:<br />
<br />
box# '''ps waux | grep httpd'''<br />
root 2279 0.0 1.3 26904 13876 ?? Ss 2:44PM 0:08.13 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start<br />
<br />
What's happening? Well, Digest authentication uses /dev/random pretty heavily, and you may not have enough randomness available on the system yet. If this is the case, then Apache will hang and do absolutely nothing until enough randomness accumulates for it to get the data it's looking for from the /dev/random device. (This may sound odd, but no, I am not kidding here.) If this happens to you, there's an easy workaround - ''generate'' some randomness by using the [[du]] command to thrash the heck out of your hard drives.<br />
<br />
box# '''du -hs /data'''<br />
39G /data<br />
box# '''ps waux | grep httpd'''<br />
www 15959 2.3 1.9 32528 19796 ?? S 2:51PM 0:00.47 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start<br />
root 2279 0.0 1.3 26904 13876 ?? Ss 2:44PM 0:38.52 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start<br />
www 15958 0.0 1.9 32532 19808 ?? I 2:51PM 0:00.47 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start<br />
www 15960 0.0 1.3 26904 13892 ?? I 2:51PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start<br />
www 15961 0.0 1.3 26904 13892 ?? I 2:51PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start<br />
www 15962 0.0 1.3 26904 13892 ?? I 2:51PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start<br />
www 15969 0.0 1.3 26904 13892 ?? I 2:52PM 0:00.00 /usr/local/sbin/httpd -k start<br />
root 15983 0.0 0.0 348 212 p0 R+ 2:53PM 0:00.00 grep http<br />
<br />
There we go - ''now'' we see all of our Apache child processes running, and when we go back to check the sites on this server, we'll find that they're running just fine as well.<br />
<br />
[[Category:Common Tasks]][[Category:FreeBSD for Servers]][[Category:Apache]]<br />
<br />
== Why Creative Thinking is Inclusive Thinking ==<br />
<br />
"Albert Einstein was once asked what the difference was between him and the average person. He said that if you asked the average person to find a needle in the haystack, the person would stop when he or she found a needle. He, on the other hand, would tear through the entire haystack looking for all the possible needles. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Why-Creative-Thinking-is-Inclusive-Thinking-sNMMAZ.html Why Creative Thinking is Inclusive Thinking]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Use Your Talents Give More Receive More ==<br />
<br />
When I stand before God at the end of my life, I would hope that I would not have a single bit of talent left, and could say, I used everything you gave me.Erma Bombeck<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Use-Your-Talents-Give-More-Receive-More-n807aT.html Use Your Talents Give More Receive More]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== World Book Night: Millions of Free Books Donated ==<br />
<br />
A young woman is jumping up and down in front of the New York Public Library wearing a sandwich sign that says, "Hate Reading? Talk To Me!" Shes waving around several copies of "The Glass Castle" by Jeannette Walls, eager to get them off her hands.Men and women in suits breeze by, but some passersby are curious about the spectacle. If you were roaming the streets of New York City or London last night you may have encountered a similar scene: Zealous readers handing out award-winning novels by the boxful.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/World-Book-Night-Millions-of-Free-Books-Donated-J7S8iH.html World Book Night: Millions of Free Books Donated]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Radical Linguist Noam Chomsky ==<br />
<br />
For centuries experts held that every language is unique. Then one day in 1956, a young linguistics professor gave a legendary presentation at the Symposium on Information Theory at MIT. He argued that every intelligible sentence conforms not only to the rules of its particular language but to a universal grammar that encompasses all languages. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Radical-Linguist-Noam-Chomsky-WKTWnp.html The Radical Linguist Noam Chomsky]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Meeting Michael ==<br />
<br />
I was sitting at my desk today, looking out the window. I saw an old homeless man crossing the street, carrying a suitcase. I remembered the many times I had looked on from afar, feeling sorry for the homeless but doing nothing. I do give money to homeless people when I walk by, but never really interact with them, beside a smile. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Meeting-Michael-YCkylF.html Meeting Michael]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/ApacheApache2012-08-16T23:15:15Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>[[Apache]] is an (some would say ''the'') open source webserver; used more than any other webserver in the world. It is available for easy installation from FreeBSD's [[:Category:Ports and Packages|ports tree]] in several different flavors, including pre-configured versions with and without [[OpenSSL]], [[mod_php]], [[frontpage extensions]], and lots more.<br />
<br />
Apache fits most purposes well, however when configured with PHP and/or mod_perl its memory requirements scale upwards dramatically, so for particularly high-volume applications a separate server for static content becomes very desirable. Apache itself is reasonably light when the aforementioned modules are not loaded, however [[thttpd]] is even lighter. A reverse proxy setup also solves the problem well.<br />
<br />
See also:<br />
[[Apache2_Installation]] - [[Apache Controlling]] - [[Installing_Apache_with_PHP]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ports and Packages]]<br />
<br />
== 7 Choices You Always Have (that you dont always give yourself) ==<br />
<br />
I believe the choice to be excellent begins with aligning your thoughts and words with the intention to require more from yourself. ~ Oprah WinfreyMaking choices is probably the most stressful thing that we do as humans. Or perhaps more accurately, the stressful thing we do is to choose avoidance when we dont like what choices were facing. This is what creates the stress.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/7-Choices-You-Always-Have-that-you-dont-always-give-yourself-RRF.html 7 Choices You Always Have (that you dont always give yourself)]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 13 Things You Should Do To Live Life Without Regrets ==<br />
<br />
A study that was performed on elderly individuals a few years back, has shown that during old age, there are many people who regret the things they didnt have the courage to do as opposed to only a few who had regrets about the things theyve done.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/13-Things-You-Should-Do-To-Live-Life-Without-Regrets-DyXsux.html 13 Things You Should Do To Live Life Without Regrets]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Researchers Nurture Innovative Biofuel Crops in Israels Desert ==<br />
<br />
Fears of global warming and its impact on our environment have left scientists scrambling to decrease levels of atmospheric carbon we humans produce. Now, Tel Aviv University researchers are doing their part to reduce humanitys carbon footprint by successfully growing forests in the most unlikely place deep in Israels Aravah Desert.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Researchers-Nurture-Innovative-Biofuel-Crops-in-Israels-Dese-DJR.html Researchers Nurture Innovative Biofuel Crops in Israels Desert]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More ==<br />
<br />
I had no idea that being your authentic self could make me as rich as Ive become. If I had, Id have done it a lot earlier. Oprah WinfreyIt can be easy to love other people but its not always easy to love your authentic self, am I right?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Things-You-Can-Do-To-Love-Your-Authentic-Self-More-r2jcXE.html 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Young Girl with a Big Heart and an Old Man with a Lot of Flowers ==<br />
<br />
When I was very young (about ten or eleven years old), I heard that our neighbor, a retired physician, had lost his wife after a long illness. He was such a dear soul, and he had the most spectacular gardens in his backyard. The whole neighborhood could see his glorious flowers from the street. The backyard was a profusion of daisies and roses, snapdragons and lilies, hyacinths and columbines. I used to think there wasnt a flower in the world that he didnt grow.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Young-Girl-with-a-Big-Heart-and-an-Old-Man-with-a-Lot-of-F-lg9.html A Young Girl with a Big Heart and an Old Man with a Lot of Flowers]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Alias_(command)Alias (command)2012-08-16T23:15:06Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>The [[alias]] command is used to create '''aliases''', and to get a list of aliased commands.<br />
<br />
==Aliases creation==<br />
<br />
The syntax is shell dependent:<br />
<br />
'''B-Shell''' ([[sh]], [[bash]]) and '''Z-Shell''' ([[zsh]]) :<br />
alias l=ls<br />
alias la='ls -A'<br />
<br />
'''C-Shell''' ([[csh]], [[tcsh]]) :<br />
alias l ls<br />
alias la 'ls -A'<br />
<br />
==Special functions==<br />
<br />
Some shells provide additional features, such as the '''-g''' argument of [[zsh]]'s alias [[built-in]] command. This allow creation of ''global aliases'' :<br />
'''> alias a=aaa'''<br />
'''> alias -g b=bbb'''<br />
'''> echo a b'''<br />
a bbb<br />
This can be very useful :<br />
'''> alias -g ...='../..''''<br />
'''> pwd'''<br />
/foo/bar/misc<br />
'''> cd ...'''<br />
'''> pwd'''<br />
/foo<br />
<br />
For more information on the specific options of your shell, check its man page.<br />
<br />
==Aliases consultation==<br />
<br />
You can use this to get a list of existing '''aliases''':<br />
'''> alias'''<br />
...=../..<br />
....=../../..<br />
.....=../../../..<br />
......=../../../../..<br />
.......=../../../../../..<br />
clean='rm -f `find . -name "*~" -o -name ".*~" -o -name ".*.core" -o -name "*.core" -o -name "#*#" -o -name "a.out"`<br />
close='cdcontrol -f /dev/cd0 close'<br />
eject='cdcontrol -f /dev/cd0 eject'<br />
fr='export LANG=fr_FR.ISO8859-15'<br />
la='ls -a'<br />
ll='ls -Al'<br />
ls='ls -FG'<br />
'''> alias ls'''<br />
ls='ls -FG'<br />
<br />
See also: [[unalias]], [[which]]<br />
<br />
[[Category : System Commands]]<br />
<br />
== 10 Keys to Happier Living ==<br />
<br />
Action for Happiness has developed the 10 Keys to Happier Living based on a review of the latest scientific research relating to happiness. Everyones path to happiness is different, but the research suggests these Ten Keys consistently tend to have a positive impact on peoples overall happiness and well-being.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/10-Keys-to-Happier-Living-vxnwik.html 10 Keys to Happier Living]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Story of Change ==<br />
<br />
"Ive come to see that we have two parts to ourselves; its almost like two muscles -- a consumer muscle and a citizen muscle. Our consumer muscle, which is fed and exercised constantly, has grown strong: So strong that "consumer" has become our primary identity, our reason for being. Were told so often that were a nation of consumers that we dont blink when the media use "consumer" and "person" interchangeably." <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Story-of-Change-hgReTV.html The Story of Change]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 3 Things You Can Say to Someone Who Does Not Like You ==<br />
<br />
I do my thing and you do your thing. I am not in this world to live up to your expectations, and you are not in this world to live up to mine. You are you, and I am I, and if by chance we find each other, its beautiful. If not, it cant be helped. Fritz Perls<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/3-Things-You-Can-Say-to-Someone-Who-Does-Not-Like-You-HGymRj.html 3 Things You Can Say to Someone Who Does Not Like You]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== New Toilet System Transform Waste into Electricity ==<br />
<br />
Scientists from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) have invented a new toilet system that will turn human waste into electricity and fertilisers and also reduce the amount of water needed for flushing by up to 90 per cent compared to current toilet systems in Singapore.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/New-Toilet-System-Transform-Waste-into-Electricity-zvQBzk.html New Toilet System Transform Waste into Electricity]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Bangladesh rickshaw puller starts clinic for the poor ==<br />
<br />
Joynal Abedin still remembers the rainy and windy night when he saw his father die because there was no medical treatment. His village in the northern Mymensingh district of Bangladesh did not have any medical facility at that time, and the nearest hospital was about 20km (12 miles) away.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Bangladesh-rickshaw-puller-starts-clinic-for-the-poor-0zbEXF.html Bangladesh rickshaw puller starts clinic for the poor]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BSDBSD2012-08-12T20:08:46Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>Berkley Software Distribution. An amalgam of [[SysV]] Unix and changes/additions that were requested but not addressed by the SysV makers (AT&T). It was the precursor to the various BSDs as we know them today. See [[SysV]] and [http://www.onlamp.com/pub/a/bsd/2004/11/11/FreeBSD_Basics.html this excellent article by Dru Lavigne at ONLamp] for more information on Linux and BSD differences.<br />
<br />
[[Category:FreeBSD Terminology]]<br />
<br />
== Seeking Silence & Stillness in the Rush of Business Life ==<br />
<br />
Pico Iyer -- essayist, author, travel writer and thinker -- has a unique perspective on many things. His physical domain ranges from California (where he lived as a child) and England (where he studied) to Cuba, North Korea and Ethiopia (which he visited) and Japan (where he resides). His mental domain knows no limiting boundaries. In this interview with Wharton associate dean and chief information officer Deirdre Woods and Knowledge@Wharton<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Seeking-Silence-Stillness-in-the-Rush-of-Business-Life-LCK85X.html Seeking Silence & Stillness in the Rush of Business Life]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Bangladesh rickshaw puller starts clinic for the poor ==<br />
<br />
Joynal Abedin still remembers the rainy and windy night when he saw his father die because there was no medical treatment. His village in the northern Mymensingh district of Bangladesh did not have any medical facility at that time, and the nearest hospital was about 20km (12 miles) away.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Bangladesh-rickshaw-puller-starts-clinic-for-the-poor-0zbEXF.html Bangladesh rickshaw puller starts clinic for the poor]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Second Glance ==<br />
<br />
Have you ever cringed at the sight of a human being who is physically disfigured? David Roche, who was born with a facial disfigurement, spent years trying to hide from himself. At middle age, he discovered his inner beauty, his spirit and his strength, and he has dedicated his life to helping all people find the inner beauty within themselves and in others.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Second-Glance-FDzaku.html The Second Glance]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Mother Robin: Delivering Hope & Babies ==<br />
<br />
Theyve waited all night for a chance to see their newborn babies, whom the hospital is holding until the medical bills are paid in full. "Holding babies until payment is common in Indonesia," said Robin Lim, a midwife who founded birthing clinics in Aceh and the island of Bali. At this particular hospital in Bali, mothers who dont pay are allowed in twice a day to feed their baby and change their babys diaper. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Mother-Robin-Delivering-Hope-Babies-pFv3vi.html Mother Robin: Delivering Hope & Babies]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Guerilla Gardener Plants Joy in Potholes ==<br />
<br />
Theyre the bane of cyclists and motorists alike, but one urban gardener has grown a fondness for potholes after deciding to spruce up cities around Europe by filling them up with miniature flower arrangements. Australian Steve Wheen, 34, who lives in London, has been using flowers and small-scale objects to transform urban potholes for the last three years. The self-styled guerrilla gardener has created mini gardens all around his home city but has now decided to bring joy to commuters across Europe with his unusual pothole creations.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Guerilla-Gardener-Plants-Joy-in-Potholes-CnUGQR.html Guerilla Gardener Plants Joy in Potholes]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BIOSBIOS2012-08-12T20:08:29Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>''This is a non-FreeBSD specific term. It features in this wiki for reference.''<br />
<br />
The BIOS, short for '''B'''asic '''I'''nput/'''O'''utput '''S'''ystem, is a program stored in a special chip on almost all motherboards especially i386 based systems. It is the first thing the CPU executes when powered on and sets the computer into a stable state with which to begin loading an operating system.<br />
<br />
Some BIOS programs permit the user to change the settings affecting the way the system will boot, typically in which order to boot the physical drives. A typical example would be to set the CD-ROM (or DVD-ROM) drive to boot before the hard drive in order to setup an operating system, and then change it back following the installation.<br />
<br />
Early IBM compatible PC-based operating systems, such as DOS and initial versions of Windows, used the BIOS to access the physical hardware on the computer such as reading and writing to hard drives, accessing the serial ports and putting text onto the screen. Modern operating systems, FreeBSD included, now utilise drivers to access the hardware and the BIOS simply exists to start the operating system's boot loader.<br />
<br />
[[Category:FreeBSD Terminology]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Great Lessons You Can Learn From Life ==<br />
<br />
Life isnt meant to be easy, its meant to be lived..sometimes happy, other times rough. But with every up and down you learn lessons that make you strong.Can you step back from your own mind for a little while and realize that life is not as bad as you think it is?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Great-Lessons-You-Can-Learn-From-Life-M0nUGD.html 5 Great Lessons You Can Learn From Life]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Not Your Usual Panhandler ==<br />
<br />
Doug Eaton wanted to celebrate his birthday on June 11 in a big way, so he turned to his friends for ideas -- ended up marking the day with random acts of kindness, including handing out free money to people passing by. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Not-Your-Usual-Panhandler-6kQtGi.html Not Your Usual Panhandler]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Why Creative Thinking is Inclusive Thinking ==<br />
<br />
"Albert Einstein was once asked what the difference was between him and the average person. He said that if you asked the average person to find a needle in the haystack, the person would stop when he or she found a needle. He, on the other hand, would tear through the entire haystack looking for all the possible needles. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Why-Creative-Thinking-is-Inclusive-Thinking-sNMMAZ.html Why Creative Thinking is Inclusive Thinking]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Top Five Regrets of the Dying ==<br />
<br />
For many years I worked in palliative care. My patients were those who had gone home to die. Some incredibly special times were shared. I was with them for the last three to twelve weeks of their lives.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Top-Five-Regrets-of-the-Dying-3L0XOd.html Top Five Regrets of the Dying]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 9-yr-old Helps Disabled Brother Finish Triathlons ==<br />
<br />
Over the weekend, brothers Cayden and Connor Long joined hundreds of other children as they competed in the first annual New England Kids Triathlon in Cambridge. The boys did not win the event -- they didnt even come close. But that didnt stop them from winning hearts across the Internet. The Long brothers are not your typical triathletes. Six-year-old Cayden has cerebral palsy and can neither walk nor talk. But thanks to the dedication of his older brother, Connor, the young boy has participated in several triathlons. A touching video <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/9-yr-old-Helps-Disabled-Brother-Finish-Triathlons-mozmuF.html 9-yr-old Helps Disabled Brother Finish Triathlons]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BIND_(managing)BIND (managing)2012-08-12T20:07:34Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[BIND, managing]]<br />
<br />
== Awakening Our Collaborative Spirit ==<br />
<br />
The physicist, David Bohm, while researching the lives of Einstein, Heisenberg, Pauli and Bohr, made a remarkable observation. Bohm noticed that their incredible breakthroughs took place through simple, open and honest conversation. He observed, for instance, that Einstein and his colleagues spent years freely meeting and conversing with each other.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Awakening-Our-Collaborative-Spirit-AjXaD8.html Awakening Our Collaborative Spirit]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Little Things You Can Do to Make the World a Lot Nicer ==<br />
<br />
A few years ago, Debbie Tenzer was feeling overwhelmed by all the crises in the news. But rather than give in to despair, she thought, Maybe I cant solve our big problems, but I know I can do something.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Little-Things-You-Can-Do-to-Make-the-World-a-Lot-Nicer-PxxL5F.html Little Things You Can Do to Make the World a Lot Nicer]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Meeting Michael ==<br />
<br />
I was sitting at my desk today, looking out the window. I saw an old homeless man crossing the street, carrying a suitcase. I remembered the many times I had looked on from afar, feeling sorry for the homeless but doing nothing. I do give money to homeless people when I walk by, but never really interact with them, beside a smile. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Meeting-Michael-YCkylF.html Meeting Michael]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Refugee Turned Entrepreneur Uplifts Women Abroad ==<br />
<br />
While some retailers have struggled in the recession, Amber Chand, an online retailer of items made by women living in war-torn countries, is experiencing success."As the economy was going into a downturn during the holiday season, which is my primary season, I noticed actually that my company was increasing in terms of sales and revenues, and we grew by 22 percent," says Chand.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Refugee-Turned-Entrepreneur-Uplifts-Women-Abroad-w0ETyF.html Refugee Turned Entrepreneur Uplifts Women Abroad]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Second Glance ==<br />
<br />
Have you ever cringed at the sight of a human being who is physically disfigured? David Roche, who was born with a facial disfigurement, spent years trying to hide from himself. At middle age, he discovered his inner beauty, his spirit and his strength, and he has dedicated his life to helping all people find the inner beauty within themselves and in others.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Second-Glance-FDzaku.html The Second Glance]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BIND,_securingBIND, securing2012-08-12T20:07:08Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div><br />
<br />
== Mr. Happy Man ==<br />
<br />
For six hours each day, Bermudas Johnny Barnes stands at a busy traffic intersection telling all who pass that he loves them. His delight and sincerity are infectious, and the people of the island love him back. His service is a simple reminder of the power of happiness and loving-kindness to change any day for the better<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Mr-Happy-Man-VDrbVr.html Mr. Happy Man]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Guerilla Gardener Plants Joy in Potholes ==<br />
<br />
Theyre the bane of cyclists and motorists alike, but one urban gardener has grown a fondness for potholes after deciding to spruce up cities around Europe by filling them up with miniature flower arrangements. Australian Steve Wheen, 34, who lives in London, has been using flowers and small-scale objects to transform urban potholes for the last three years. The self-styled guerrilla gardener has created mini gardens all around his home city but has now decided to bring joy to commuters across Europe with his unusual pothole creations.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Guerilla-Gardener-Plants-Joy-in-Potholes-CnUGQR.html Guerilla Gardener Plants Joy in Potholes]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More ==<br />
<br />
I had no idea that being your authentic self could make me as rich as Ive become. If I had, Id have done it a lot earlier. Oprah WinfreyIt can be easy to love other people but its not always easy to love your authentic self, am I right?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Things-You-Can-Do-To-Love-Your-Authentic-Self-More-r2jcXE.html 5 Things You Can Do To Love Your Authentic Self More]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Man Climbs Worlds 14 Tallest Peaks ==<br />
<br />
Hirotaka Takeuchi has gotten official certification for his feat of climbing the worlds 14 tallest mountains. Hes the 30th person ever and the first Japanese person to accomplish the feat.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Man-Climbs-Worlds-14-Tallest-Peaks-f1nJlP.html Man Climbs Worlds 14 Tallest Peaks]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Learning from the Wisdom of the Body ==<br />
<br />
"Its amazing that our interpretation of experiences can generate intense visceral responses. The fact that we get goosebumps when we are inspired or afraid is one of many everyday indicators of just how deeply and intricately connected our minds and bodies are. In fact, the mind and body are an intertwined whole -- and there is great wisdom in the totality of our mind-body experience. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Learning-from-the-Wisdom-of-the-Body-lJQFSo.html Learning from the Wisdom of the Body]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BIND,_installingBIND, installing2012-08-12T20:06:39Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>The most common versions of BIND are 9 and 8, although you will occasionally see a BIND version 4 server around, they're not very common -- which is a good thing, since DNS bugs and vulnerabilities are Bad News and older versions of BIND were plagued with both.<br />
<br />
BIND in FreeBSD is part of the base system -- it's already there and waiting for you. If you ''must'' install it yourself, you can do it from ports, but remember to use <br />
# make -DWITH_PORT_REPLACES_BASE_BIND9 install clean<br />
to overwrite the base installation.<br />
<br />
Installing BIND is fairly straightforward; the latest version is 9.3.4-P1 and it's in ports:<br />
# cd /usr/ports/dns/bind9<br />
# make install clean<br />
and you're pretty much done. <br />
<br />
==Wait, I thought you said we were done==<br />
<br />
Well, you're done if you want a standard install. If you want a really secure DNS server, you're probably going to want to install BIND in a [[chroot]] [[jail]]. It's a pain, but it means that even if your server gets compromised, the rest of the box isn't at risk.<br />
<br />
When making a program live inside a jail, the important thing to remember is that everything that the program will need to access will need to live inside the same directories that are inside the jail environment. BIND needs to have some kind of randomness, so you'll need to put a copy of /dev/random inside the jail, as well as all the DNS config files and zone files etc are all in the same jail dir.<br />
<br />
So the easy way to do it is to specify the directory that you want to build BIND into using the --prefix=/path/to/chroot/dir and --with-randomdev=/path/to/chroot/dir/dev/random <br />
<br />
Rememer the [[chroot]] into your jail's ''chroot'' directory before you start BIND, and if you have any problems, it's likely because you are missing files in your jail that are necessary for your installation to run; [[ldd]] will help you find any missing libraries.<br />
<br />
==Logging from within the [[chroot]] [[jail]]==<br />
You may be interested in keeping logs of queries made to BIND, zone transfers, etc. This is easy enough using BIND's logging directive. However, because you've likely installed BIND within a chroot jail, you'll have just a few extra hoops to jump through to get logging to work correctly from within the chroot environment.<br />
<br />
<br />
First, you need to tell syslogd, the syslog daemon, that it should listen for logging messages inside the jail, since BIND cannot send its logging messages outside the jail. To do this add <br />
syslogd_flags=-ss -l /var/named/var/log <br />
to your /etc/rc.conf file. <br />
<br />
Second, tell BIND where to place its log files. If you chose the default installation of BIND9, BIND was installed to /var/named and that is where it is chrooted. Conveniently enough, there is a directory /var/named/var/log where it seems obvious to place your log files. So, in BIND9's named.conf file (/etc/namedb/named.conf) you might use a logging directive such as:<br />
logging {<br />
queries_file { <br />
channel queries_file { file "/var/log/queries.log" versions 3 size 5m; severity dynamic; print-time yes; };<br />
};<br />
category queries { queries_file; };<br />
};<br />
<br />
Finally, you may forget that BIND's log files are located in the chroot jail. Therefore, you may wish to place a soft link in /var/log to the directory where your log files are located. For example:<br />
cd /var/log<br />
ln -s /var/named/var/log named<br />
<br />
==Related Links==<br />
<br />
[[BIND]]<br />
<br />
[[BIND (configuring)]]<br />
<br />
[[BIND (managing)]]<br />
<br />
[[BIND (securing)]]<br />
<br />
[[Category:Ports and Packages]]<br />
[[Category:Common Tasks]]<br />
[[Category:DNS]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Easy Steps to Turn Your Life Into an Abundant Garden ==<br />
<br />
Dont judge each day by the harvest you reap but by the seeds that you plant. ~ Robert Lewis StevensonIt has been my experience that life is what you make of it. You can look at it many ways. It can be like a cup of coffee it is all in how you make it. I have decided to look at my life as a garden because your harvest all depends on what seeds you plant. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Easy-Steps-to-Turn-Your-Life-Into-an-Abundant-Garden-5eoXgS.html 5 Easy Steps to Turn Your Life Into an Abundant Garden]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Meet The New Boss: You ==<br />
<br />
What do coffee growers in Ethiopia, hardware store owners in America, and Basque entrepreneurs have in common? For one thing, many of them belong to cooperatives. By pooling their money and resources, and voting democratically on how those resources will be used, they can compete in business and reinvest the benefits in their communities.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Meet-The-New-Boss-You-wF4aeF.html Meet The New Boss: You]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Solar Device Brings Natural Light to Workers ==<br />
<br />
Fluorescent lights are often seen as the brunt of an artificial working environment, but office workers around the world could soon have sunnier dispositions.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Solar-Device-Brings-Natural-Light-to-Workers-sz7hN4.html Solar Device Brings Natural Light to Workers]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Principles for Inner Transformation at Work ==<br />
<br />
People go to work to sustain themselves and produce value in the world. Yet work environments can also be stressful, filled with challenging responsibilities and personalities, and feel misaligned with our most deeply cherished values. Instead of sustaining us, the workplace can sometimes feel simply draining, and at worst, unwholesome for both ourselves and the world.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Principles-for-Inner-Transformation-at-Work-TTklKV.html 5 Principles for Inner Transformation at Work]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Turning Grief Into Giving ==<br />
<br />
My friends decided that I needed to get out at least once a week and so we started going for coffee. Those friends helped me get through that terrible first year and still continue to help me. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Turning-Grief-Into-Giving-CDHALz.html Turning Grief Into Giving]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BIND,_dynamic_DNS,_failover_A_recordsBIND, dynamic DNS, failover A records2012-08-12T20:06:32Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>== The problem: inexpensive but unreliable ISPs ==<br />
If you've got a multi-homed network with multiple IP addresses from different ISPs, but you aren't a big enough organization to convince your ISPs to build [[BGP]] routes to connect to each other at your network, you will probably find it really handy to have a single DNS record that will automatically choose the best way to get to your network from the outside world.<br />
<br />
In this example, "BSDcompany" runs a small office network ('''office.bsdcompany.com''') and a server in a colocated network facility ('''coloserver.bsdcompany.com'''). Frequently, they need to access network resources inside the office from the internet. Since neither of the two ISPs available at BSDcompany's office are particularly reliable, BSDcompany has a cable modem from one of them, a DSL modem from the other, and a dual-WAN router. Both the cable and the DSL use dynamic IP addresses, and the company already has a server in the office doing [[BIND (dynamic DNS)|dynamic DNS updates]] to '''cable-ip.office.bsdcompany.com''' and '''dsl-ip.office.bsdcompany.com'''.<br />
<br />
BSDcompany's dual-WAN router provides load balancing and automatic failover redundancy for internet access from within the office. But BSDcompany wants similar redundancy and balancing from the ''outside'' coming ''in'' as well. So instead of randomly trying cable-ip.office.bsdcompany.com and dsl-ip.office.bsdcompany.com to see which (if either) is working at any particular time, they just want to be able to use a single name all the time and have it automatically take them to whichever ISP is up and/or faster at the moment.<br />
<br />
== The solution: ddns-failover.pl (another freebsdwiki.net original) == <br />
BSDcompany decides to set up a [[cron]] job on their colo server to check the status and latency of each of their office WAN IPs. That script will then automatically update a third A record, '''office.bsdcompany.com''', with whichever is currently the quicker of the two office WANs to respond - and if both WANs are down, it will delete the record entirely until one or the other of them comes back up.<br />
<br />
(Like the '''set-ddns.pl''' script in the [[BIND (dynamic DNS)|previous dynamic DNS article]], the variables '''ddns-failover.pl''' in UPPERCASE are things you should set to match your own situation, while the ones in lower or mixed case are generally things you shouldn't need to mess with.)<br />
<br />
<nowiki>#!/usr/bin/perl<br />
<br />
# ddns-failover.pl<br />
#<br />
# Copyright (c) 05-20-2006, JRS System Solutions<br />
# All rights reserved under standard BSD license<br />
# details: http://www.opensource.org/licenses/bsd-license.php<br />
#<br />
# Check each of two public IPs for the same multi-homed host,<br />
# and set a dynamic DNS A record to point to the lower latency<br />
# of the two. If both routes are down, delete the hostname<br />
# entirely until one or both IPs come back up.<br />
<br />
$WANDNS1 = 'cable-ip.office.bsdcompany.com';<br />
$WANDNS2 = 'dsl-ip.office.bsdcompany.com';<br />
$HOSTNAME = 'office.bsdcompany.com';<br />
$NAMESERVER = 'coloserver.bsdcompany.com';<br />
$KEYFILE = 'Koffice.bsdcompany.com.+157+15661.private';<br />
$KEYDIR = '/usr/home/ddns';<br />
$TTL = '10';<br />
<br />
@wan1 = split(/\n/,`/sbin/ping -qc 1 -t 1 $WANDNS1`);<br />
@wan2 = split(/\n/,`/sbin/ping -qc 1 -t 1 $WANDNS2`);<br />
<br />
$wan1[0] =~ /\((\d*?\.\d*?\.\d*?\.\d*?)\)/;<br />
$wan1_ip = $1;<br />
if ($wan1_ip == '') { $wan1_ip = 'NO HOST FOUND'; }<br />
$wan2[0] =~ /\((\d*?\.\d*?\.\d*?\.\d*?)\)/;<br />
$wan2_ip = $1;<br />
if ($wan2_ip == '') { $wan2_ip = 'NO HOST FOUND'; }<br />
<br />
$wan1[3] =~ /(\d*?) packets received/;<br />
$wan1_rcvd = $1;<br />
$wan2[3] =~ /(\d*?) packets received/;<br />
$wan2_rcvd = $1;<br />
<br />
$wan1[4] =~ /\/(\d*?\.\d*?)\//;<br />
$wan1_time = $1;<br />
$wan2[4] =~ /\/(\d*?\.\d*?)\//;<br />
$wan2_time = $1;<br />
<br />
if ($wan1_rcvd != 1 && $wan2_rcvd == 1) {<br />
print "WAN1 [$wan1_ip]: NO RESPONSE\nWAN2 [$wan2_ip]: $wan2_time" . "ms\nSET $HOSTNAME: WAN2\n";<br />
$dnsip=$wan2_ip;<br />
} elsif ($wan1_rcvd == 1 && $wan2_rcvd != 1) {<br />
print "WAN1 [$wan1_ip]: $wan1_time" . "ms\nWAN2 [$wan2_ip]: NO RESPONSE\nSET $HOSTNAME: WAN1\n";<br />
$dnsip=$wan1_ip;<br />
} elsif ($wan1_rcvd != 1 && $wan2_rcvd !=1) {<br />
print "WAN1 [$wan1_ip]: NO RESPONSE\nWAN2 [$wan2_ip]: NO RESPONSE\nDELETE $HOSTNAME\n";<br />
$dnsip='NO';<br />
} elsif ($wan1_time <= $wan2_time) {<br />
print "WAN1 [$wan1_ip]: $wan1_time" . "ms\nWAN2 [$wan2_ip]: $wan2_time" . "ms\nSET $HOSTNAME: WAN1\n";<br />
$dnsip=$wan1_ip;<br />
} else {<br />
print "WAN1 [$wan1_ip]: $wan1_time" . "ms\nWAN2 [$wan2_ip]: $wan2_time" . "ms\nSET $HOSTNAME: WAN2\n";<br />
$dnsip=$wan2_ip;<br />
}<br />
<br />
chdir ($KEYDIR);<br />
open (NSUPDATE, "| /usr/sbin/nsupdate -k $KEYFILE");<br />
print NSUPDATE "server $NAMESERVER\n";<br />
print NSUPDATE "update delete $HOSTNAME A\n";<br />
if ($dnsip ne 'NO') {<br />
print NSUPDATE "update add $HOSTNAME $TTL A $dnsip\n";<br />
}<br />
# print NSUPDATE "show\n";<br />
print NSUPDATE "send\n";<br />
close (NSUPDATE);</nowiki><br />
<br />
== Setting up permissions ==<br />
To minimize security risks, the gurus at BSDcompany create a new user named "ddns", put this script and the copies of the key files for the zone (which they already had, when they [[BIND (dynamic DNS)|set up their dynamic DNS]] earlier) in the "ddns" user's home directory, and make sure to set the permissions on everything as restrictively as possible before setting up the [[cron]] job to actually run it.<br />
<br />
coloserver# '''pw useradd ddns -s /sbin/nologin -d /usr/home/ddns'''<br />
coloserver# '''mkdir /home/ddns'''<br />
coloserver# '''cp /etc/namedb/zones/keys/Koffice.bsdcompany.com.+157+15661.private .'''<br />
coloserver# '''cp /etc/namedb/zones/keys/Koffice.bsdcompany.com.+157+15661.key .'''<br />
coloserver# '''chmod 400 Koffice.bsdcompany.com.+157+15661.*'''<br />
coloserver# '''chmod 500 ddns-failover.pl'''<br />
coloserver# '''ls -l'''<br />
-r-------- 1 ddns wheel 130 May 20 12:22 Kph34r.tehinterweb.net.+157+23266.key<br />
-r-------- 1 ddns wheel 145 May 20 13:17 Kph34r.tehinterweb.net.+157+23266.private<br />
-r-x------ 1 ddns wheel 3108 May 23 01:27 ddns-failover.pl<br />
coloserver# '''su ddns''<br />
This account is currently not available.<br />
<br />
Excellent: the '''ddns''' account is present but cannot be interactively logged into, the key files are readable (but not writeable or executable) only to it, and the script is executable (but not writeable) only to it. Now that the permissions are correct, it's time to do a test run - we'll run the script manually (using [[sudo]] to do so as the user '''ddns''', just like the [[cron]] job will) before we set it up to run automatically.<br />
<br />
== Testing the script manually ==<br />
coloserver# '''sudo -u ddns /usr/bin/perl /usr/home/ddns/ddns-failover.pl'''<br />
WAN1 [128.32.64.5]: 94.302ms<br />
WAN2 [144.69.42.18]: 85.341ms<br />
SET office.bsdcompany.com: WAN2<br />
coloserver# '''ping -qc 1 office.bsdcompany.com'''<br />
PING office.bsdcompany.com (144.69.42.18): 56 data bytes<br />
<br />
--- office.bsdcompany.com ping statistics ---<br />
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss<br />
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 85.038/85.038/85.038/0.000 ms<br />
<br />
Perfect! Now, the BSDcompany folks force an apparent fail condition on WAN2 to make sure it ... \n<br />
<br />
== White dress, green wedding ==<br />
<br />
Lindsey Gehl and Ryan Bell have a vision of their June wedding being white - and green, too.The 27-year-olds will pledge their troth in a traditional ceremony, followed by a reception amid the scenic trails and wildlife habitats of the Pilcher Park Nature Center in Joliet, Illinois, to which theyre donating $600.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/White-dress-green-wedding-G3Qc3u.html White dress, green wedding]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 7 Choices You Always Have (that you dont always give yourself) ==<br />
<br />
I believe the choice to be excellent begins with aligning your thoughts and words with the intention to require more from yourself. ~ Oprah WinfreyMaking choices is probably the most stressful thing that we do as humans. Or perhaps more accurately, the stressful thing we do is to choose avoidance when we dont like what choices were facing. This is what creates the stress.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/7-Choices-You-Always-Have-that-you-dont-always-give-yourself-RRF.html 7 Choices You Always Have (that you dont always give yourself)]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Stop Using The Wrong Type of Intelligence ==<br />
<br />
A man should hear a little music, read a little poetry, and see a fine picture every day of his life, in order that worldly cares may not obliterate the sense of the beautiful which God has implanted in the human soul. Johann Wolfgang von Goethe<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Stop-Using-The-Wrong-Type-of-Intelligence-6IGOxm.html Stop Using The Wrong Type of Intelligence]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Not a Fairytale: Americas First Public Food Forest ==<br />
<br />
Hungry? Just head over to the park. Seattles new food forest aims to be an edible wilderness. Seattles vision of an urban food oasis is going forward. A seven-acre plot of land in the citys Beacon Hill neighborhood will be planted with hundreds of different kinds of edibles<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Not-a-Fairytale-Americas-First-Public-Food-Forest-N18Amw.html Not a Fairytale: Americas First Public Food Forest]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== The Importance of Learned Optimism ==<br />
<br />
What 25 years of research reveal about the cognitive skills of happiness and finding lifes greater purpose.The illiterate of the 21st century, Alvin Toffler famously said, will not be those who cannot read and write, but those who cannot learn, unlearn, and relearn. Our outlook on the world and our daily choices of disposition and behavior are in many ways learned patterns to which Tofflers insight applies with all the greater urgency<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/The-Importance-of-Learned-Optimism-jmZjsG.html The Importance of Learned Optimism]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/BIND,_dynamic_DNSBIND, dynamic DNS2012-08-12T20:06:23Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>== The task ==<br />
You've got your own [[BIND]] server with a static, public IP address, and your own domain which you host on it. You've also got one or more machines on dynamic public IP addresses - perhaps your or your customers' or friends' home machines, or small offices in areas that don't offer static addresses - and you want to use your own equipment to maintain DNS records to point to the machines on dynamic addresses, rather than using third-party solutions.<br />
<br />
== Checking versions of [[BIND]] and its tools ==<br />
In order to set up dynamic DNS on your server, first you need to make sure you're running BIND9 or better - as of this article, you want BIND 9.3.1.<br />
<br />
server# '''which named'''<br />
/usr/sbin/named<br />
server# '''named -v'''<br />
BIND 9.3.1<br />
<br />
client# '''which named'''<br />
/usr/sbin/named<br />
client# '''named -v'''<br />
BIND 9.3.1<br />
<br />
Okay, good. But we also need to dig a little further, because FreeBSD systems have a nasty habit of shipping with some elderly BIND8 components higher up in the [[PATH]] than the newer BIND9 versions that go with the actual server. Specifically, we need to make sure we're using the new version of [[nsupdate]], which we'll be using to do the dynamic updates from client to server:<br />
<br />
client# '''where nsupdate'''<br />
/usr/sbin/nsupdate<br />
/usr/bin/nsupdate<br />
<br />
Aha - there are two copies of nsupdate on this machine! Now we need to see [[which]] one of them is higher up in the [[PATH]] (and therefore will be the one that runs if you don't specify which one you want), and whether they're both the same version or not:<br />
<br />
client# '''which nsupdate'''<br />
/usr/sbin/nsupdate<br />
client# '''ls -l /usr/bin/nsupdate && ls -l /usr/sbin/nsupdate'''<br />
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 1252248 May 8 2005 /usr/bin/nsupdate<br />
-r-xr-xr-x 1 root wheel 245324 Jul 5 2004 /usr/sbin/nsupdate<br />
<br />
AHA! As we suspected, there's a copy of the '''nsupdate''' from BIND8 lurking in our PATH higher up than the BIND9 version - and BIND8's '''nsupdate''' tool was completely broken and useless. So, we'll get rid of it. (Obviously, if you don't have an older version in the way, you don't need to do this step - but it's important to check and make sure, because you'll be tearing your hair out later wondering why everything ''looks'' like it's working but ''isn't'' if you have this problem but don't catch it.)<br />
<br />
client# '''rm /usr/sbin/nsupdate'''<br />
<br />
With that taken care of, we can start working on the subdomain we want to dynamically update. In this example, we're going to use a (fictitious) parent zone, server.net, which is maintained by a statically-addressed FreeBSD server which we have (root) control of, and we already have functional DNS for the parent zone.<br />
<br />
== Preparing a "seed" zone file ==<br />
First, we need to prepare a "seed" zone file for the subdomain we want to be able to dynamically update. In this example, our dynamic subdomain is going to be '''client.server.net'''. This zone file should be very minimal - we only want to put the barest amount of information in here, to define those parts of the domain that WON'T ever change. In this case, that will be the SOA record, the NS records, and the MX record. (Since MX records are based on A records, not on IP addresses, the MX ''record'' won't change even when the IP address of the mailserver itself does).<br />
<br />
<nowiki>$ORIGIN .<br />
$TTL 10 ; 10 seconds<br />
client.server.net IN SOA ns1.server.net. hostmaster.server.net. (<br />
18 ; serial<br />
10800 ; refresh (3 hours)<br />
3600 ; retry (1 hour)<br />
604800 ; expire (1 week)<br />
10 ; minimum (10 seconds)<br />
)<br />
$TTL 3600 ; 1 hour<br />
NS ns1.server.net.<br />
NS ns2.server.net.<br />
MX 10 client.server.net.<br />
<br />
$ORIGIN client.server.net.</nowiki><br />
<br />
== Generating a cryptographic key ==<br />
While it's possible to allow zone updates without any cryptographic security, it's certainly not recommended - and implementing the crypto isn't difficult, anyway, so let's get to it. We're storing our zones in '''/etc/namedb/zones''', and we'll park our key(s) in '''/etc/namedb/zones/keys'''.<br />
<br />
server# '''mkdir /etc/namedb/zones/keys'''<br />
server# '''cd /etc/namedb/zones/keys'''<br />
server# '''dnssec-keygen -b 512 -a HMAC-MD5 -v 2 -n HOST client.server.net.'''<br />
Kclient.server.net.+157+15661<br />
server# '''ls -l'''<br />
-rw------- 1 root wheel 134 May 20 19:46 Kclient.server.net.+157+15661.key<br />
-rw------- 1 root wheel 145 May 20 19:46 Kclient.server.net.+157+15661.private<br />
<br />
And there they are - one public key, one private key. The next step is incorporating them into the [[named.conf]] file.<br />
<br />
== Setting up named.conf ==<br />
<br />
First, we need to pluck the actual value of the private key out of its file to insert it directly into the zone definition.<br />
<br />
server# '''cat /etc/namedb/zones/keys/Kclient.server.net.+157+15661.private'''<br />
Private-key-format: v1.2<br />
Algorithm: 157 (HMAC_MD5)<br />
Key: omr5O5so/tZB5XeGuBBf42rrRJRQZB8I9f+uIIxxei8qm7AVgNBprxtcU+FQMzBvU/Y+nyM2xbs/C8kF3eJQUA==<br />
<br />
That last bit of the private key is what we need. So, we copy and paste it into the new zone definition and key reference we're appending to '''/etc/namedb/named.conf''':<br />
<br />
<nowiki>key client.server.net. {<br />
algorithm "HMAC-MD5";<br />
secret "omr5O5so/tZB5XeGuBBf42rrRJRQZB8I9f+uIIxxei8qm7AVgNBprxtcU+FQMzBvU/Y+nyM2xbs/C8kF3eJQUA==";<br />
};<br />
<br />
zone "client.server.net" {<br />
type master;<br />
file "zones/client.server.net";<br />
allow-update{<br />
key client.server.net;<br />
};<br />
};</nowiki><br />
<br />
Now that we have the keys set up, we need to make sure nobody can read them, either in their original directory ''or'' in the line we just added to '''named.conf''' with the value of the private key:<br />
<br />
server# '''chmod -R 400 /etc/namedb/zones/keys'''; <br />
server# '''chmod -R 400 /etc/namedb/named.conf''';<br />
<br />
And we're done. If you like, you may also '''chmod 400 /etc/namedb/zones''', but it's not strictly necessary since everything in there is available by normal DNS query from the internet anyway. The only thing left to do on the server side is restart [[named]] and make sure it still works!<br />
<br />
== Restarting and testing BIND at the server ==<br />
<br />
#server '''ps ax | grep named'''<br />
76949 ?? Ss 0:01.03 named<br />
#server '''kill 76949'''<br />
#server '''named'''<br />
#server '''ps ax | grep named'''<br />
81230 ?? Ss 0:00.49 named<br />
<br />
Ok, we've found and killed our previous instance of BIND (don't just use -HUP - you need to kill it all the way), then gotten it back up and confirmed it's running. Now let's see if it responds properly when we ask it about the new zone:<br />
<br />
<nowiki>#server dig @localhost client.server.net<br />
; <<>> DiG 9.3.1 <<>> @localhost ANY client.server.net<br />
; (1 server found)<br />
;; global options: printcmd<br />
;; Got answer:<br />
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 13783<br />
;; flags: qr aa ... \n<br />
<br />
== Not Your Usual Panhandler ==<br />
<br />
Doug Eaton wanted to celebrate his birthday on June 11 in a big way, so he turned to his friends for ideas -- ended up marking the day with random acts of kindness, including handing out free money to people passing by. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Not-Your-Usual-Panhandler-6kQtGi.html Not Your Usual Panhandler]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Rainbow of Colorful Critters Discovered in Suriname ==<br />
<br />
A scientific expedition into one of the worlds last pristine tropical forests has revealed incredibly diverse species and extraordinary cultural heritage, said Conservation International (CI) today, announcing the results of a scientific survey in southwest Suriname that documented nearly 1,300 species, including 46 species which may be new to science. The announcement comes as the global organization marks 25 years of science-based conservation, this month.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Rainbow-of-Colorful-Critters-Discovered-in-Suriname-TjkvIE.html Rainbow of Colorful Critters Discovered in Suriname]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Cat Saves Owner Hours After Adoption ==<br />
<br />
A newly-adopted cat repaid his owners loving gesture earlier this month by saving her from a medical emergency just hours after he was brought home, the Green Bay Press Gazette reports.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Cat-Saves-Owner-Hours-After-Adoption-ixHpp7.html Cat Saves Owner Hours After Adoption]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 10 Ways to Love Where You Live ==<br />
<br />
Community is not just for extroverts.For thousands of years, our ancestors lived in barrios, hamlets, neighborhoods, and villages. Yet in the time since our parents and grandparents were young, privacy has become so valued that many neighborhoods are not much more than houses in proximity.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/10-Ways-to-Love-Where-You-Live-FT4yRy.html 10 Ways to Love Where You Live]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 10 Keys to Happier Living ==<br />
<br />
Action for Happiness has developed the 10 Keys to Happier Living based on a review of the latest scientific research relating to happiness. Everyones path to happiness is different, but the research suggests these Ten Keys consistently tend to have a positive impact on peoples overall happiness and well-being.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/10-Keys-to-Happier-Living-vxnwik.html 10 Keys to Happier Living]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Authoritative_nameserverAuthoritative nameserver2012-08-12T20:06:05Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>The nameserver, or group of nameservers, which has final control over the [[DNS record types|DNS records]] which describe a given domain or [[zone file|zone]]. In order to resolve an URL to an IP address, you must find the nameserver which has the authority for the bottom level domain in that URL.<br />
<br />
For example, '''www.freebsdwiki.net''' is an URL referencing a third level domain - the first level is "net", the second level is "freebsdwiki.net" - which can formally be described as "the freebsdwiki subdomain of the net domain" - and the third level is "www.freebsdwiki.net", the www subdomain of freebsdwiki.net. <br />
<br />
Any given level of subdomain may or may not resolve directly to one or more IP addresses (by use of A records), provide DNS services (NS records), or handle email (MX records). In theory, http://com could be a perfectly valid URL - but in practice, A records are only provided for second level domains and lower.<br />
<br />
[[Category:FreeBSD Terminology]]<br />
<br />
== Man Builds Fairy Tale Home for $4700 ==<br />
<br />
Simon Dale is a family man in Wales, the western part of Great Britain. His interest in self-sustainability and an ecological awareness led him to dig out and build his own homeone of the loveliest, warmest, most inviting dwellings you could ever imagine. And it cost him only 3,000, about $4,700 American dollars!<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Man-Builds-Fairy-Tale-Home-for-4700-CHIO9L.html Man Builds Fairy Tale Home for $4700]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 9 Steps to Achieving Flow (and Happiness) at Work ==<br />
<br />
[Flow means] being completely involved in an activity for its own sake. The ego falls away. Time flies. Every action, movement, and thought follows inevitably from the previous one, like playing jazz. --Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/9-Steps-to-Achieving-Flow-and-Happiness-at-Work-LFdIya.html 9 Steps to Achieving Flow (and Happiness) at Work]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Top Five Regrets of the Dying ==<br />
<br />
For many years I worked in palliative care. My patients were those who had gone home to die. Some incredibly special times were shared. I was with them for the last three to twelve weeks of their lives.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Top-Five-Regrets-of-the-Dying-3L0XOd.html Top Five Regrets of the Dying]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 5 Great Lessons You Can Learn From Life ==<br />
<br />
Life isnt meant to be easy, its meant to be lived..sometimes happy, other times rough. But with every up and down you learn lessons that make you strong.Can you step back from your own mind for a little while and realize that life is not as bad as you think it is?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/5-Great-Lessons-You-Can-Learn-From-Life-M0nUGD.html 5 Great Lessons You Can Learn From Life]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Meeting Michael ==<br />
<br />
I was sitting at my desk today, looking out the window. I saw an old homeless man crossing the street, carrying a suitcase. I remembered the many times I had looked on from afar, feeling sorry for the homeless but doing nothing. I do give money to homeless people when I walk by, but never really interact with them, beside a smile. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Meeting-Michael-YCkylF.html Meeting Michael]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/AttrribAttrrib2012-08-12T20:05:58Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>#REDIRECT [[Attrib]]<br />
<br />
== Simple Ways Of Dealing With Conflict ==<br />
<br />
Being in control of your life and having realistic expectations about your day-to-day challenges are the keys to stress management, which is perhaps the most important ingredient to living a happy, healthy and rewarding life. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Simple-Ways-Of-Dealing-With-Conflict-n0JxBe.html Simple Ways Of Dealing With Conflict]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Mother Robin: Delivering Hope & Babies ==<br />
<br />
Theyve waited all night for a chance to see their newborn babies, whom the hospital is holding until the medical bills are paid in full. "Holding babies until payment is common in Indonesia," said Robin Lim, a midwife who founded birthing clinics in Aceh and the island of Bali. At this particular hospital in Bali, mothers who dont pay are allowed in twice a day to feed their baby and change their babys diaper. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Mother-Robin-Delivering-Hope-Babies-pFv3vi.html Mother Robin: Delivering Hope & Babies]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 18 Powerful Benefits Of Regular Physical Activity ==<br />
<br />
I was talking with a friend recently, and she was telling me how, during the winter time, when she would go to the gym, the place would be so empty, with only a few people, and how, when spring came, with summer also approaching, the place starting getting so crowded, and there were days when you just couldnt stretch your arms without hitting somebody, and it would be impossible for you to exercise and enjoy your time there.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/18-Powerful-Benefits-Of-Regular-Physical-Activity-bjoolO.html 18 Powerful Benefits Of Regular Physical Activity]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 11 Things You Should Start Doing for Yourself Today ==<br />
<br />
Enjoy everything that happens in your life, but never make your happiness or success dependent on an attachment to any person, place or thing. Wayne DyerYou deserve to live a more balanced, harmonious and happier life, starting today and starting now. Today, not tomorrow, nor the day after tomorrow is where your life is, where your life starts. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/11-Things-You-Should-Start-Doing-for-Yourself-Today-e883xI.html 11 Things You Should Start Doing for Yourself Today]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 15 Things You Should Give Up To Be Happy ==<br />
<br />
Here is a list of 15 things which, if you give up on them, will make your life a lot easier and much, much happier. We hold on to so many things that cause us a great deal of pain, stress and suffering and instead of letting them all go, instead of allowing ourselves to be stress free and happy we cling on to them. Not anymore. Starting today we will give up on all those things that no longer serve us, and we will embrace change. Ready? Here we go:<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/15-Things-You-Should-Give-Up-To-Be-Happy-r1EA1L.html 15 Things You Should Give Up To Be Happy]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/AttribAttrib2012-08-12T20:05:48Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>#redirect [[ATTRIB]]<br />
<br />
== How To Speak More Wisely ==<br />
<br />
It had been three weeks since my throat started to feel sore, and it wasnt getting better. The pain was most acute when I spoke. So I decided to spend a few days speaking as little as possible. Every time I had the urge to say something, I paused for a moment to question whether it was worth irritating my throat.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/How-To-Speak-More-Wisely-86itqo.html How To Speak More Wisely]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== A Quick Guide To The Art of Listening ==<br />
<br />
The most basic of all human needs is the need to understand and be understood. The best way to understand people is to listen to them. Ralph Nichols<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/A-Quick-Guide-To-The-Art-of-Listening-ALkv60.html A Quick Guide To The Art of Listening]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 10 Keys to Happier Living ==<br />
<br />
Action for Happiness has developed the 10 Keys to Happier Living based on a review of the latest scientific research relating to happiness. Everyones path to happiness is different, but the research suggests these Ten Keys consistently tend to have a positive impact on peoples overall happiness and well-being.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/10-Keys-to-Happier-Living-vxnwik.html 10 Keys to Happier Living]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Starting A Slow Story Movement ==<br />
<br />
"It is said that we become the stories that we tell among ourselves. This might have been true before we became salespersons. For a few decades now, I think we have become numb to the stories that we tell among ourselves. So stories have become shorter and crisper to the length of a tweet. We are so committed to telling a story to the point that finally what remains is a dimensionless point. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Starting-A-Slow-Story-Movement-V4LmVD.html Starting A Slow Story Movement]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Googles Jolly Good Fellow on Inner Peace ==<br />
<br />
Chade-Meng Tan (widely known as Meng) was among the earliest engineers to be hired at Google. When Google allowed engineers to spend 20% of their time pursuing their passion, Meng decided to spend his time on a cause dear to his heart: Launching a conspiracy to bring about world peace. Meng believes that world peace can be achieved -- but only if people cultivate the conditions for inner peace within themselves. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Googles-Jolly-Good-Fellow-on-Inner-Peace-xfIvQS.html Googles Jolly Good Fellow on Inner Peace]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYounghttp://freebsdwiki.net/index.php/AtAt2012-08-12T20:05:38Z<p>DavidYoung: minor updates</p>
<hr />
<div>The '''at''' scheduler is used to schedule a job for one-time-only running at a later date. For comparison, the [[cron]] scheduler is used to schedule jobs for repeated execution at regular intervals. One very handy use of the '''at''' scheduler is to schedule lengthy jobs to run in the background immediately - that way even if you need to (or are forced to) close your [[shell]] session, your job will continue running.<br />
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The basic syntax of '''at''' is to type '''at''' followed by a time (specified in [[POSIX time format]]) you wish your new job to be executed. Examples would be "at now" to run the job immediately, "at 0400" to run the job at 4 AM today, or "at 200409282300" to run the job at 11:00 PM on September 28th of 2004. Once this is done, you enter interactive mode, and any further commands you type will be part of the '''at''' job scheduled. Once you're done entering in commands to be scheduled, you press CTRL-D (aka the [[eof]] character) and the scheduler tells you what your job number is and what shell it will be executed with (typically /bin/sh by default).<br />
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ph34r#''' at now'''<br />
'''cvsup /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile'''<br />
''' ''<nowiki>[user presses CTRL-D]</nowiki>'' '''<br />
Job 3 will be executed using /bin/sh<br />
ph34r#<br />
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You may also use the -f option to specify a file that contains the list of commands you wish to process - for example:<br />
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ph34r#''' echo "cvsup /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile" > at-job.txt'''<br />
ph34r#''' at -f at-job.txt now'''<br />
Job 5 will be executed using /bin/sh<br />
ph34r#<br />
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If all you want to do is force a job started from the shell into the background, you can do that without using '''at''' simply by adding an ampersand to the end of your command line - for example:<br />
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ph34r#''' cvsup /usr/share/examples/cvsup/ports-supfile &'''<br />
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However, if started that way the job is still a [[child process]] of your shell, and thus will die a sudden death if you choose to log out before it is done.<br />
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'''at''', on the other hand, will work as a tool to fire up a job without it being a child process of the shell:<br />
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ph34r# '''at now'''<br />
'''echo test > /home/jimbo/test.txt'''<br />
'''^D''' ''(user pressed control-D)''<br />
Job 14 will be executed using /bin/sh<br />
ph34r# '''atq'''<br />
Date Owner Queue Job#<br />
Fri Feb 29 12:01:00 EST 2008 root c 14<br />
ph34r# '''date'''<br />
Fri Feb 29 12:01:29 EST 2008<br />
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OK, the job is in the queue - but it won't actually run until 12:05, since [[cron]] only fires up [[atrun]] once every 5 minutes. What if we don't want to wait? We can just run [[atrun]] manually! (Note: [[atrun]] probably will not be in your PATH, so you'll need to specify the full path to run it.)<br />
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ph34r# '''/usr/libexec/atrun'''<br />
ph34r# '''atq'''<br />
ph34r# '''date'''<br />
Fri Feb 29 12:01:53 EST 2008<br />
ph34r# '''cat /home/jimbo/test.txt'''<br />
test<br />
ph34r#<br />
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As we can see, the job popped out of the queue and ran successfully when we fired up [[atrun]] manually. Knowing how to do this can save you a lot of frustration when you want to queue long running jobs up and make sure they're actually running before you close your shell and go somewhere else.<br />
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Access to either [[cron]] or the '''at''' scheduler may be open to all users or restricted only to certain users at the system administrator's discretion.<br />
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[[Category:System Commands]]<br />
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== Paths Are Made By Walking ==<br />
<br />
2012s Baccalaureate speaker at the University of Pennsylvania was an unconventional choice for an Ivy League school. To address their newly-minted graduates, aspiring to dazzling careers, they picked a man who has never in his adult life, applied for a job. A man who hasnt worked for pay in nearly a decade, and whose self-stated mission is simply "to bring smiles to the world and stillness to my heart". <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Paths-Are-Made-By-Walking-CMdEh4.html Paths Are Made By Walking]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== 9 Essential Skills Kids Should Learn ==<br />
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Kids in todays school system are not being prepared well for tomorrows world.As someone who went from the corporate world and then the government world to the ever-changing online world, I know how the world of yesterday is rapidly becoming irrelevant. <br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/9-Essential-Skills-Kids-Should-Learn-k87qsp.html 9 Essential Skills Kids Should Learn]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
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== Authors Nominate Top Books of All Time ==<br />
<br />
In 2002, the Norwegian Book Clubs gathered 100 authors from 54 countries and asked each one to list the 10 best works of fiction of all time. The authors responded and this list was created. The titles are arranged alphabetically by author name, so no one book stands above any other. The following list is the groups selection of the worlds 100 best books.How many have you read?<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Authors-Nominate-Top-Books-of-All-Time-kRj65H.html Authors Nominate Top Books of All Time]]<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
<br />
== Would Gandhi Use Social Media? ==<br />
<br />
If Gandhi were alive today, would he use social media? He was never anti-technology, or even anti-changing with the times. Quite the opposite, actually. If Internet technologies and social networks were around, he would certainly have embraced them -- but with a conscious mindfulness of their strengths and weaknesses.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/Would-Gandhi-Use-Social-Media-J39i2S.html Would Gandhi Use Social Media?]]<br />
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[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]<br />
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== New Toilet System Transform Waste into Electricity ==<br />
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Scientists from Nanyang Technological University (NTU) have invented a new toilet system that will turn human waste into electricity and fertilisers and also reduce the amount of water needed for flushing by up to 90 per cent compared to current toilet systems in Singapore.<br />
<br />
[[http://goodvillenews.com/New-Toilet-System-Transform-Waste-into-Electricity-zvQBzk.html New Toilet System Transform Waste into Electricity]]<br />
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[[http://goodvillenews.com/wk.html GoodvilleNews.com - good, positive news, inspirational stories, articles]]</div>DavidYoung