FreeBSDwiki - User contributions [en]

User talk:Light

2005-12-09T15:35:17Z

Light:

doesn't ftp://ftp.freebsd.org/pub/FreeBSD/releases/i386/ISO-IMAGES/5.4/ the bootonly.iso do this?

--[[User:Dave|Dave]] 11:42, 27 Jul 2005 (EDT)

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-bootonly doesn't include the base system, you have to download that for each box you install on if you use that iso unfortunately. What I've been doing for the moment is to use the 5.3-mininst ISO for installs. It's quicker to install 5.3 and cvsup than to bother downloading the whole 5.4 ISO. ;)

--[[User:Light|Light]] 11:50, 27 Jul 2005 (EDT)

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I have a potential article. Something I learnt about yesterday. Maybe it's not 100% relevant. It's called "How to recover your FreeBSD install after you change the partition in your dual-boot Linux install and don't reboot and mkfs.ext2 wipes out the first 256mb of your FreeBSD install and you spend a few hours reinstalling the base system and recovering the rest". It would be a real block buster!

--[[User:Light|Light]] 10:35, 9 Dec 2005 (EST)

Telnet

2005-12-09T15:23:29Z

Light:

Telnet is a terminal emulation application designed to allow remote access to machines running the [[telnetd]] [[daemon]].

In recent years the use of ''telnet'' has dramatically reduced with the introduction of the far more secure [[ssh]].

==Common flags==
-l <username> -- used to specify the username to use when logging into the remote machine.
-n <filename> -- used to create a trace file of the ''telnet'' session.

==Example usage==
[light@splat ~]$ '''telnet''' insecure.host.com
Trying 10.0.0.1...
Connected to insecure.host.com.
Escape character is '^]'.
Password:
[light@insecure ~]$ logout
Connection closed by foreign host.

[[Category:System Commands]]

Telnet

2005-12-09T15:22:34Z

Light:

Fdisk

2005-12-09T14:58:04Z

Light:

'''fdisk''' is the system command used in FreeBSD and other unixlike OSes to handle partitioning hard drives. (See also [[disklabel]] for editing [[disk slices]].) Along with [[disklabel]], this ''fdisk'' provides roughly analogous functionality to the same-named Windows command ''fdisk''.

It is worth noting that ''fdisk'', and for that matter FreeBSD in general, does not allow editing of the partition tables on any drives that have a partition or slice mounted. One should boot from a rescue disk when editing the partition table on the hard drive containing your root (/) [[mount point]].

See also [[sysinstall]] for accomplishing all hard drive partitioning, slicing, and formatting tasks inside a convenient text-mode GUI.

[[Category:Windows Equivalents]] [[Category:System Commands]]

Fdisk

2005-12-09T14:55:13Z

Light:

'''fdisk''' is the system command used in FreeBSD and other unixlike OSes to handle partitioning hard drives. (See also [[disklabel]] for editing [[disk slices]].) Along with [[disklabel]], this ''fdisk'' provides roughly analogous functionality to the same-named Windows command ''fdisk''.

It is worth noting that ''fdisk'', and for that matter FreeBSD in general, does not allow editing of the partition tables on any drives that have a partition or slice mounted.

See also [[sysinstall]] for accomplishing all hard drive partitioning, slicing, and formatting tasks inside a convenient text-mode GUI.

[[Category:Windows Equivalents]] [[Category:System Commands]]

Talk:Sysctl

2005-07-27T16:06:44Z

Light:

Remind me to update this with some information from a heftier box sometime. These specs look pathetic! ;)

--[[User:Light|Light]] 12:06, 27 Jul 2005 (EDT)

Cvs

2005-07-27T16:03:45Z

Light:

'''cvs''' stands for Concurrent Versions System. As the name implies, it is a version control system.

For more information and the full documentation visit the [[http://cvshome.org offical website]].

[[Category : System Commands]]

Cvs

2005-07-27T16:02:10Z

Light:

'''cvs''' stands for Concurrent Versions System. As the name implies, it is a version control system.

[[Category : System Commands]]

User talk:Light

2005-07-27T15:57:39Z

Light:

Sysctl

2005-07-27T15:55:44Z

Light:

'''sysctl''' is used to get/set various kernel and kernel module parameters.

To get the value of a kernel parameter:

[root@splat ~]# '''sysctl hw.physmem'''
hw.physmem: 130453504

To set the value of a kernel parameter:

[root@splat ~]# '''sysctl net.link.ether.bridge=0'''
net.link.ether.bridge: 1 -> 0

Please note that some parameters are read-only and cannot be changed.

You can use the '''-a''' parameter to list all '''sysctl''' variables. Coupled with [[grep]] this makes a great way to find the '''sysctl''' variable you're looking for.

[root@splat ~]# '''sysctl -a | grep mem'''
vm.zone_kmem_pages: 182
vm.zone_kmem_kvaspace: 14725120
vfs.ufs.dirhash_maxmem: 2097152
vfs.ufs.dirhash_mem: 292312
hw.physmem: 130453504
hw.usermem: 107544576

Be careful when editing '''sysctl''' values. Invalid or incorrect settings could cause severe problems with your system.

[[Category:System Commands]]

User talk:Light

2005-07-27T15:52:01Z

Light:

Talk:Df

2004-09-10T10:40:18Z

Light:

I'd like to see a link here to "Memory free". Does anybody know of a quick and simply was to get a [[df]]-style memory listing (something like the '''free''' command under Linux or the '''mem''' command under DOS)?

I know I can use [[top]], but that shows me a whole lot of stuff I don't wanna see, and not everything I want to see (for instance the total amount of physical memory).

I know I can type
[light@splat ~]$ '''sysctl -n hw.physmem'''
to get the amount of physical memory. I can also get a whole bunch of info from [[vmstat]].

If I have the Linux emulation layer installed and the Linux proc system mounted I can type

[light@splat ~]$ '''cat /usr/compat/linux/proc/meminfo'''

This gives me almost exactly what I, or in fact what any person first logging into a server and worrying about memory usage, would want to know.

So, is there a '''simple''' answer, one that doesn't require anything installed except the basic system? ;)

- Light

Pwd

2004-09-07T10:26:08Z

Light:

[[pwd]] is acronymic for '''print working directory'''

When this command is called without any parameters, it will print out the current working directory according to the shell. It may be called with '''-P''' to dereference any symbolic links in the path.

[light@splat ~/www/paint_fx]$ '''pwd'''
/home/light/www/paint_fx

[light@splat ~/www/paint_fx]$ '''pwd -P'''
/usr/home/light/www/paint_fx

[[Category:System Commands]]

Du

2004-09-07T10:17:40Z

Light:

[[du]] is acronymic for '''disk usage'''

When this command is called with no parameters, it will display the amount of disk space used by each file and directory under the currenct working directory (see [[pwd]]).

==Common flags==
-d -- used with a number to specify how many levels deep to search
-h -- use unit suffixes for sizes so as to make them human-readable

==Example usage==
[light@splat ~/www/paint_fx]$ '''du'''
484 ./Graphics
522 .

[light@splat ~/www/paint_fx]$ '''du -d 0'''
522 .

[light@splat ~/www/paint_fx]$ '''du -h'''
484K ./Graphics
522K .

[[Category:System Commands]]

Du

2004-09-07T10:16:43Z

Light:

[[du]] is acronymic for '''disk usage'''

When this command is called with no parameters, it will display the amount of disk space used by each file and directory under the currenct working directory (see [[pwd]]).

==Most common flags:==
-d -- used with a number to specify how many levels deep to search
-h -- use unit suffixes for sizes so as to make them human-readable

[light@splat ~/www/paint_fx]$ '''du'''
484 ./Graphics
522 .

[light@splat ~/www/paint_fx]$ '''du -d 0'''
522 .

[light@splat ~/www/paint_fx]$ '''du -h'''
484K ./Graphics
522K .

[[Category:System Commands]]

Df

2004-09-07T09:56:42Z

Light:

[[df]] is acronymic for '''disc free'''

When this command is used with no parameters, it will display the amount of disc space free on each mounted device in a 512-byte per block count, as well as a percentage.

You may specify either a device path or plain directory path to retreive the associated mount-point information. Also, the parameter '''-h''' may be used to have the output displayed in 'human-readable' format.

[light@splat ~]$ '''/bin/df'''
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a 128990 104110 14562 88% /
/dev/ad0s1f 257998 146 237214 0% /tmp
/dev/ad0s1g 18809884 15014076 2291018 87% /usr
/dev/ad0s1e 257998 236788 572 100% /var
procfs 4 4 0 100% /proc

[light@splat ~]$ '''df /tmp'''
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1f 257998 146 237214 0% /tmp

[light@splat ~]$ '''df /dev/ad0s1f'''
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1f 257998 146 237214 0% /tmp

[light@splat ~]$ '''df -h /'''
Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a 132M 107M 15M 88% /

[[Category:System Commands]]

Df

2004-09-07T09:55:46Z

Light:

[[df]] is acronymic for '''disc free'''

When this command is used with no parameters, it will display the amount of disc space free on each mounted device in a 512-byte per block count, as well as a percentage.

You may specify either a device path or plain directory path to retreive the associated mount-point information. Also, the parameter '''-h''' may be used to have the output displayed in 'human-readable' format.

[light@splat ~]$ '''/bin/df'''
Filesystem 1K-blocks Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a 128990 104110 14562 88% /
/dev/ad0s1f 257998 146 237214 0% /tmp
/dev/ad0s1g 18809884 15014076 2291018 87% /usr
/dev/ad0s1e 257998 236788 572 100% /var
procfs 4 4 0 100% /proc

[light@splat ~]$ '''df /tmp'''
Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1f 257998 146 237214 0% /tmp

[light@splat ~]$ '''df /dev/ad0s1f'''
Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1f 257998 146 237214 0% /tmp

[light@splat ~]$ '''df -h /'''
Filesystem Size Used Avail Capacity Mounted on
/dev/ad0s1a 132M 107M 15M 88% /

[[Category:System Commands]]

RD

2004-09-06T13:52:23Z

Light:

Under FreeBSD and other unixlike OSes, the equivalent command is rmdir.

Note: '''rmdir''' also works fine under Windows; '''rd''' is just a commonly-typed alias for it.

To remove a directory and all contents, see [[Deltree]].

[[Category:Windows Equivalents]]

RD

2004-09-06T13:49:46Z

Light:

Note: '''rmdir''' also works fine under Windows; '''rd''' is just a commonly-typed alias for it.

To remove a directory and all contents, see [[Deltree]].

[[Category:Windows Equivalents]]

Cd

2004-09-06T13:44:30Z

Light:

Under FreeBSD and other unixlike OSes, '''cd''' means just what it does under Windows - "change directory."

The notable differences being that under unixlike OSes a space is required between '''cd''' and the name of the directory to change to and a forward slash '''/''' is used instead of a backward slash '''\'''

C:\Windows> '''cd\stuff''' (windows)
splat# '''cd /stuff''' (unixlike)

C:\Windows> '''cd..''' (windows)
splat# '''cd ..''' (unixlike)

[[Category:Windows Equivalents]]