FreeBSDwiki - User contributions [en]

Jails

2007-08-22T22:39:02Z

Gvtjongahung: /* Creating service jails */

A dedicated machine for a server is a costly thing. For a server which is not often used, it is desirable to still be able to use the same machine, but without the drawbacks of having all the servers on one installation. These are sometimes limited via chrooted servers. A better way is with the help of a jail.

== Creating the jail ==

Install cpdup ({PORTSDIR}/sysutils/cpdup)
# pkg_add -r cpdup
Alternatively if that doesn't work try:
# cd {PORTSDIR}/sysutils/cpdup && make install clean

Next create a template:
# mkdir /usr/jail /usr/jail/mroot
# cd /usr/src
# make installworld DESTDIR=/usr/jail/mroot
# cpdup /usr/src /usr/jail/mroot/usr/src

# mkdir /usr/jail/skel /usr/jail/skel/home /usr/jail/skel/distfiles
# mv etc /usr/jail/skel
# mv usr/local /usr/jail/skel/usr-local
# mv tmp /usr/jail/skel
# mv var /usr/jail/skel
# mv root /usr/jail/skel
# mergemaster -t /usr/jail/skel/var/tmp/temproot -D /usr/jail/skel -i
# cd /usr/jail/skel
# rm -R bin boot lib libexec mnt proc rescue sbin sys usr dev
# cd /usr/jail/mroot
# mkdir /usr/ports
# mkdir s
# ln -s s/etc etc
# ln -s s/home home
# ln -s s/root root
# ln -s ../s/usr-local usr/local
# ln -s ../s/usr-X11R6 usr/local
# ln -s ../../s/distfiles usr/ports/distfiles
# ln -s s/tmp tmp
# ln -s s/var var

Edit /etc/rc.conf:
jail_enable="YES"
jail_set_hostname_allow="NO"
jail_list="{server1} {server2}"
jail_devfs_enable="YES"

Search man 5 rc.conf for more jail settings
If you would like to have some standard configuration settings for (almost) all jails modify the files in /usr/jail/skel.

Create a jail skeleton

# mkdir /usr/jails

For every server:
* Edit /etc/fstab on your host system:
/usr/jail/mroot /usr/jail/{server} nullfs ro 0 0
/usr/jails/{server} /usr/jail/{server}/s nullfs rw 0 0
* Create the mount-points
# mkdir /usr/jail/{server}
# cpdup /usr/jail/skel /usr/jails/{server}

* Edit /etc/rc.conf:

jail_{server}_hostname="server.example.org"
jail_{server}_ip="192.168.x.x"
jail_{server}_rootdir="/usr/jail/{server}"

Finally mount the jails and start them.

# mount -a
# /etc/rc.d/jail start

They should be running now and you should be able to see them by typing:
jls
If you wish to access the system type:
jexec tcsh {JID}

One often creates a build jail in which one creates the packages for the separate jails creating less "pollution" in your jails.
One can now install the packages for the jail.

[[Category: Configuring FreeBSD]]

Grep

2007-08-22T21:38:59Z

Gvtjongahung: cat | grep -> grep

== The basics ==

[[grep]] returns results that match a string. You can use it to find a line in a file in a directory, by having grep run through the directory and show you what matches your query. Grep accepts input from the commandline, but is more often fed input in conjunction with other commands, such as [[find]], [[ls]] or [[cat]]:

samizdata#''' ls -la /etc | grep .conf'''
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1163 Jun 5 2003 apmd.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 271 Jun 5 2003 auth.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 2965 Jun 5 2003 devd.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 2073 Jun 5 2003 devfs.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 267 Jun 5 2003 dhclient.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 5159 Jun 5 2003 inetd.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 6521 Jun 5 2003 login.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 65536 Jun 5 2003 login.conf.db
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 503 Jun 5 2003 mac.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 201 Jun 5 2003 make.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 963 Jun 5 2003 manpath.config
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 963 Jun 5 2003 manpath.config.bak
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 783 Jun 5 2003 netconfig
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1871 Jun 5 2003 newsyslog.conf
-rw------- 1 root wheel 1701 Jun 5 2003 nsmb.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 630 Aug 23 21:46 rc.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 45 Jun 5 2003 resolv.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 367 Jun 5 2003 sysctl.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 1329 Jun 5 2003 syslog.conf
-rw-r--r-- 1 root wheel 2023 Jun 5 2003 usbd.conf

Let's say you want to know which of your users has [[csh]] as their shell:

samizdata# '''grep csh /etc/passwd'''
root:*:0:0:Avatar:/root:/bin/csh
samizdata#

Looks like only [[root]] does.

==Producing results like [[find]] does==

Let's say that you just want to see a list of all the files containing the word PATTERN, in this directory or in any directory below it:

server# '''grep -lr PATTERN *'''

Perhaps you wanted to ''delete'' all files in this directory and all its subdirectories which contains the word PATTERN?

server# '''grep -lr PATTERN * | [[xargs]] rm'''

Or move any file in this directory and all its subdirectories which contains a word ending in "temp" to the /tmp directory?

server# '''grep -Elr ".*temp" * | [[xargs]] -J % mv % /tmp'''

==Other common uses of grep==

'''grep -l pattern *''' to get only the filename of files that match in the current directory.

'''grep -i pattern *''' to get lines that match inside files in the current directory. The "-i" is for case-insensitive so you'll match "Pattern" and "PATTERN" too.

'''grep -l goodpattern * | grep -v badpattern ''' This use a [[Pipe]] to get grep output as the input of another grep; it gets you lines having goodpattern but not badpattern in the current directory (the "-v" means "non-matching instead of matching"). You can switch the two grep around if you like, but the directory to be searched must go to the leftmost grep after the pattern.

'''grep -E "cat|dog|giraffe" pets.txt''' This will search the file pets.txt for any line including the patterns "cat", "dog", OR "giraffe". Very handy. Note the '''-E''' argument - that specifies an extended regular expression; the "or" pipe construct doesn't work with basic regular expressions ('''grep''''s default regexp type).

'''grep -f No-No-list *''' to get patterns from to match from the file 'No-No-list' instead of the command line. There can be hundreds of patterns listed in it (one per line). This is useful when looking for large sets of common typos, autodetection of swear words and known spam on wikis, and finding code snippets that have to be modified for compatibility purposes.

See also: [[strings]]

[[Category:FreeBSD Terminology]] [[Category:System Commands]]

Firefox

2007-08-22T09:27:05Z

Gvtjongahung: /* Updated to use diablo JDK/JRE */

Firefox is a great browser and this documentation relates to version 2.01

==Installing video plugin==
Install the mplayer-plugin for mozilla

# cd /usr/ports/www/mplayer-plugin
# make install

mplayer plugin will support:

Window Media wmv, avi, asf, wav and asx
QuickTime mov and smil
MPEG Video and Audio mpeg and mp3
Ogg Vorbis ogg
AutoDesk FLI fli and flc
Vivo vivo
Real Player ram and rm

==Installing Java VM plugin==
Install the Java Runtime Environment via ports ({PORTSDIR}/java/diablo-jre15) or the Java Development Kit ({PORTSDIR}/java/diablo-jre15) 
 
Then to add the plugin go to the directory: 
<pre>
# cd /usr/X11R6/lib/browser_plugins
</pre>
 
and if you installed the JRE type the following: 
<pre>
# ln -s /usr/local/diablo-jre1.5.0/jre/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so
</pre>
or if you installed the JDK type the following: 
<pre>
# ln -s /usr/local/diablo-jdk1.5.0/jre/plugin/i386/ns7/libjavaplugin_oji.so
</pre>
 
Now you should have java VM working. To test go to this site and wait a while for the Java VM to load: 
http://www.java.com/en/download/help/testvm.xml 
 

==Installing flash on native firefox==
http://www.freebsdwiki.net/index.php/Flash#Native_Firefox

[[Category:Ports_and_Packages]]